Vectors in Physics ( IB Physics 1.3 )

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**课程名称:** 物理中的向量 (IB 物理 1.3) **课程概述:** 本课程旨在介绍物理学中向量的基础知识,特别针对 IB 物理第一章第 3.3 节的内容。无论您的物理学习起点或计划如何,本课程都将对您有所助益。课程涵盖了在力学、电学、磁学和场论等物理分支中处理向量的基本方法。对于学习数学向量代数的人士来说,本课程也将是一个极好的入门。 物理量要么是标量(只有大小,没有方向),要么是向量(既有大小,也有方向)。本课程将为您提供处理向量的工具。标量量被视为数值(尽管带有单位),在处理它们时遵循代数规则。向量量同时具有大小和方向。在处理向量时,我们必须使用向量代数,因为它需要考虑方向。距离的向量等价物称为位移(即,在特定方向上的距离);速度的向量等价物称为速度(即,在特定方向上的速率)。 我们将采用不同的方法来处理向量和标量: * **基本工具:** * 比例作图(图形)方法 * 代数方法 * **向量运算:** * 向量加法(合成向量) * 向量减法 * 向量与标量相乘 * **向量分解与合成:** * 向量分量 * 从分量重构向量 * **特殊法则:** * 左右手规则 * 标量积(点积)和向量积(叉积)

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This course is about basic knowledge of vectors in physics (for ib physics chapter 1.3). It will be useful to everyone who has started studying physics or wants to repeat it, regardless of the level or program. It contains basic ideas on how to work with vectors in the sections of mechanics, electricity, magnetism, fields. The course will be useful as an introduction to vector algebra when studying mathematics.Quantities in physics are either scalars (i.e. they just have magnitude but no direction) or vectors (i.e. they have magnitude and direction).This course provides the tools you need for dealing with vectors. We treat scalar quantities as numbers (albeit with units) and use the rules of algebra when dealing with them. Vector quantities are those which have both magnitude and direction. We must use vector algebra when dealing with vectors since we must take into account direction. The vector equivalent of distance is called displacement (i.e., it is a distance in a specified direction). The vector equivalent of speed is velocity (i.e., it is the speed in a specified direction). We have different approach to this vectors and scalars quantities. Basic tools for vectors is:- Scale drawing (graphical) approach- Algebraic approach- Addition of vectors (resultant vector)- Subtraction of vectors- Multiplication of a vector by a scalar- Components of a vector- Reconstructing a vector from its components- Right and left hand rule - Scalar and vector multiplication

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