Understanding Tax Depreciation

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课程名称:理解税务折旧 课程概述:折旧是税务准备中最令人困惑的元素之一,这也是许多纳税人选择付费税务服务的原因。在本课程中,您将学习什么构成可折旧资产,以及为何资产在购买时不会被直接列为费用,而是实施折旧。课程的目标包括:1. 学习如何分类固定资产;2. 学习折旧方法、折旧惯例和使用年限;3. 学习折旧回收以及资产出售时的盈亏处理。 美国国税局(IRS)不允许公司在资产购买当年将超过一年使用期限的支出列为费用。会计行业遵循配比原则,该原则指出某一时期的收入需要与同一时期的费用相匹配。由于资产通常在其使用年限内支持公司的收入流,因此资产的成本必须在预计的使用年限内进行分摊,以更好地将成本与其帮助产生的收入相匹配。例如,如果您的公司购买了一台售价7000美元的锯子,预计使用寿命为7年,那么必须在7年内进行折旧。原因在于这台锯子将帮助您在其使用寿命内的成品木材销售中产生收入。因此,锯子的折旧按照每年1000美元进行,以匹配产生的收入与发生的费用。虽然国税局在某些情况下允许偏离配比原则以促进美国生产,但一般而言,这就是折旧的理论基础。

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Depreciation is one of the most confusing elements of tax preparation. In my experience it is the reason most taxpayers go to paid tax preparers.In this course you will learn what constitutes a depreciable asset and why assets are depreciated instead of being expensed when purchased.Your goals for this course are to:1. Learn how to classify fixed assets.2. Learn about deprecation methods, depreciation conventions, and useful lives.3. Learn about depreciation recapture and how gains and losses work when assets are sold.The Internal Revenue Service does not permit expenditures for items benefiting a company's revenue stream for more than a year to be expensed in the year of purchase. The accounting profession follows the matching principle which states that revenue for a period needs to be matched with expenses for the same period. Since assets often support a company's revenue stream over their useful life, the cost of an asset must be spread over the estimated useful life to more properly match its cost against the revenue it helps produce.If your company buys a saw to help produce finished lumber from raw timber for $7,000, and it is expected to last for 7 years, it must be depreciated for 7 years. The rational is that the saw will help produce income from the sale of finished lumber over its useful life. The saw is therefore written off at $1,000 per year for 7 years to match the revenue produced with the expense incurred.The IRS allows departures from the matching principle at times to encourage U.S. production, but in general that is the theory behind depreciation.

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