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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/the-human-genome-dna-structure-and-replication/
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课程名称：《人类基因组 - DNA结构与复制》 课程概述： 本课程探讨生命依赖于细胞将遗传指令转化为维持生物体所需功能的能力。这些遗传指令储存于每个生物细胞的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）中。1940年代的一个重大突破是确认DNA是细胞遗传信息的载体。近年来，关于DNA的理解取得了巨大的进展，这对疾病路径的研究、遗传异常的识别以及新药的制定均带来了积极影响。 在本讲座中，我们将通过探索沃森和克里克的DNA发现，描述DNA的双螺旋结构及其功能。此外，我们还将关注RNA的类型和结构及其重要性，研究DNA复制酶和原核生物与真核生物的DNA复制过程，强调两者之间的差异。理解DNA复制及相关酶（如DNA聚合酶和解旋酶）的重要性，将加深对细胞内复杂生物过程的赏识。 讲座中将阐述分子生物学中的中心法则，该理论表明遗传信息仅沿着一个方向流动：从DNA到RNA，再到蛋白质，或RNA直接转化为蛋白质。通过这门课程，您将能够更深入地理解个性化医疗，这一医疗领域正在通过提供针对特定个体群体量身定制的预防和治疗策略而引发革命。此外，您还将更好地理解遗传疾病的机制，例如第三周将讨论的单基因疾病（如囊性纤维化）。 本讲座分为五个部分： 1. DNA的结构 2. RNA的结构和类型 3. DNA复制酶 4. 原核生物中的DNA复制 5. 真核生物中的DNA复制 我们还提供了补充阅读材料《DNA发现史》和《梅塞尔森和斯塔尔：DNA复制模型》，以帮助您了解DNA的半保留模型并回答一些问题。相关阅读链接在推荐阅读部分。 学习目标包括： · 了解DNA的结构及其不同的构象，熟悉影响DNA构象的因素。 · 解释DNA复制过程：起始、延伸和终止及主要酶的功能。 · 描述DNA解旋过程及DNA解旋酶的作用。 · 识别DNA聚合酶I、II和III的结构及其功能。 · 解释梅塞尔森和斯塔尔实验，展示DNA的半保留模型。 · 比较和对比原核生物与真核生物的DNA复制过程。 推荐阅读材料包括： 1. 核酸的分子结构；脱氧核糖核酸的结构 2. DNA的结构 3. 生物化学，RNA结构 4. DNA的复制与重组 5. 大肠杆菌中的DNA复制 6. 补充阅读：DNA的历史和梅塞尔森与斯塔尔：DNA复制模型 可选阅读： 1. 社论：DNA复制机制作为治疗靶点 2. DNA复制：复杂的事务 3. DNA复制的起源
Life depends on the ability of cells to translate the genetic instructions required to make and maintain a living organism. Indeed, these instructions are stored within every living cell in its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).The most crucial advance made in the 1940s was the recognition that DNA is the carrier of the cell's genetic information.There has been a tremendous amount of progress in understanding DNA in recent years. The study of disease pathways, the identification of hereditary abnormalities, and the formulation of new drugs have all benefited from advances made possible by a better understanding of DNA's structure and function.In this lecture, we initially look at the DNA discovery from Watson and Cricks and describing the double helix structure and function of DNA. Furthermore, we focus in the types and structure of RNA and its importance. We look at DNA replication enzymes and DNA replication process in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, emphasizing the differences between them.Understanding the importance of DNA replications and enzyme involved such as DNA polymerases and helicases will also make you appreciate more the complex biological processes that occur in a cell. This lecture points out the central dogma of molecular biology which is a theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein.You will be able to use this knowledge to understand more about personalized medicine which is revolutionizing the medicine by aiming to provide tailor-made prevention and treatment strategies for defined groups of individuals. Furthermore, you will gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of genetic diseases, such as single gene disorders like cystic fibrosis, which will be discussed in week 3.The lecture will be divided into five different parts:1. The structure of DNA2. The structure and types of RNA3. DNA replication enzymes4. DNA replication in Prokaryotes5. DNA replication in EukaryotesYou will also be provided with reading materials "Further Reading 1.1- History of DNA discovery" and "Further Reading 1.2 - Meselson and Stahl: Models of DNA replication" where you can read about DNA semi-conservative model and answer few questions. The link to the reading list is shown under the recommended reading section.The learning objectives for this lecture are:· Know and understand the structure of DNA and the different conformations that DNA adopts. Be familiar with the factors that influence DNA conformation· Explain the DNA replication process: Initiation, Elongation and Termination and the functions of the main enzymes involved in this process· Describe the process of DNA unwinding and the role of DNA Helicase· Identify the structure and the function of DNA Polymerase I, II and III· Be able to explain the Meselson and Stahl experiment that shows the semi-conservative model of DNA· Compare and contrast the difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA replication processFor this lecture, we recommend the following readings:Recommended Reading:1. Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid2. The structure of DNA3. Biochemistry, RNA Structure4. DNA replication and recombination5. The Replication of DNA in Escherichia Coli6. Further Reading: The history of DNA and Meselson and Stahl: Models of DNA replicationOptional Reading:1. Editorial: The DNA Replication Machinery as Therapeutic Targets2. DNA replication: a complex matter3. Origins of DNA replication
