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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/the-etruscans-in-the-art-history-of-ancient-italy/
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课程名称：古意大利艺术史中的伊特鲁里亚人 课程概述：在罗马帝国之前，伊特鲁里亚文明在意大利半岛上繁荣发展，创造了青铜器、陶土、雕塑、金质铭文以及令人惊叹的岩石墓穴和早已消失的木制神庙等艺术杰作。今天的“伊特鲁里亚”地区涵盖了现代意大利的多个地区，包括拉齐奥、翁布里亚、托斯卡纳、艾米利亚-罗马涅，甚至延伸至北方的威尼托。在古代，希腊文明在南意大利和西西里岛建立了殖民地，而迦太基则控制着撒丁岛和北非沿海地区。与米诺安文明和迈锡尼文明类似，伊特鲁里亚人并不自称为“伊特鲁里亚人”。古希腊作家称他们为多种形式的Tryrrhenoi，这与意大利西海岸的泰伦尼亚海同根。 意大利周围有零散的史前遗址，因此伊特鲁里亚文化的起源问题仍然是一个争议话题。一个流传已久的理论是，伊特鲁里亚人的起源可以追溯到小亚细亚的利底亚王国。伊特鲁里亚语与印欧语言截然不同，这令历史学家从古至今都感到困惑。然而，在古代，广泛的迁徙和文化交流使得原住意大利人民与抵达意大利的移民团体相互融合，保留了一些原始元素（如语言），同时引入了广泛古代世界的习俗和艺术风格，从青铜时代晚期到古典时期。本课程将以地中海盆地及近东文明的更大背景，概述独特的伊特鲁里亚文明的作品。
Before the Roman Empire, there was the Etruscan civilization on the Italian Peninsula which produced masterpieces of bronze, terra-cotta, sculpture, gold tablets, amazing rock-cut tombs, and long-gone wooden temples. "Etruria" is a region which today occupies parts of several regions of modern-day Italy: Lazio, Umbria, Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna and stretching as far north as the Veneto. We recall that in antiquity, Archaic Greek civilization had established colonial outposts in southern Italy and Sicily, while another ancient power, the Carthaginians, controlled Sardinia and the coast of north Africa. Like the Minoans and the Mycenaeans, the Etruscans didn't call themselves Etruscans. Ancient Greek writers called them versions of Tryrrhenoi, the same root word for the Tyrrhenian Sea on Italy's west coast. There are scattered Prehistoric sites around Italy, so the question of whether the Etruscan culture evolved from these indigenous people or whether it was imported from afar (a Near-Eastern origin) still remains a topic of debate. One tenacious theory which has survived from antiquity is that the Etruscans' point of origin was a Lydian kingdom of Asia Minor. The Etruscan language, for instance, has a completely different structure from Indo-European languages (and it has baffled historians from antiquity through the present). Nevertheless, there was considerable migration and mixing going-on throughout antiquity, and the most probable model is that the indigenous Italian peoples mixed with groups which landed and settled their own communities, keeping some original elements (like the language) while introducing customs and artistic conventions from the wider world of antiquity from the late Bronze Age through the Classical period.This lecture is an overview of the distinct Etruscan civilization's works in the larger context of the Mediterranean Basin and Near Eastern civilizations.
