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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/states-of-matter/
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课程名称：物质状态 课程概述：本课程主要探讨物质存在的三种状态：固态、液态和气态。固态物质具有固定的形状和体积，液态物质体积固定但形状不固定，而气态物质则既没有固定的形状也没有固定的体积。课程中，我们将重点讨论不同物质状态下组成粒子的排列、特征性质以及其行为所遵循的规律。 课程内容涵盖以下几个关键概念： 1. **分子间力**：这是分子之间的吸引力，可以保持分子相互结合。 2. **分子相互作用能**：指因为分子间的吸引力而产生的能量。 3. **热能**：使分子分开的能量，定义为物质因其温度而拥有的能量，并且也是分子热运动的度量。 4. **相变**：涉及分子间作用能与热能之间的竞争。 5. **气态**：在气态中，分子之间几乎没有相互作用，热运动表现为分子的随机平移运动，因此气体没有固定的形状和体积，分子间的空间大，导致吸引力较弱。 本课程适合对物质状态及其性质有兴趣的学习者，通过深入理解这些概念，将提升对物质行为的认识。
Matter exists in solid, liquid and gaseous states. Solids have fixed shape and volume, liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape, gases have neither fixed shape nor fixed volume. We will interact about the arrangement of constituting particles of different states of matter, their characteristic properties and discuss the laws governing their behavior.Intermolecular Forces. The force of attraction between molecules which keep molecules together are called intermolecular forces.Molecular Interactional Energy. The energy due to force of attraction between molecules is called molecular interactional energy. Molecular interactions lead to intermolecular attractive and repulsive forces.Thermal Energy. The energy which moves the molecules apart is called thermal energy. It is defined as energy possessed by matter by virtue of its temperature and is also measure of thermal motion or movement of molecules.Change in State. It involves competition between ordering molecular interaction energy and disordering thermal energy.Gaseous State. In gases, molecules have almost no molecular interactions and thermal motion is random translatory movement of molecules that is why they do not have fixed shape and volume because they have large intermolecular space, therefore weak force of attraction. For gases like hydrogen, helium intermolecular forces can be neglected at high temperature and low pressure.
