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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/sap-product-costing-by-sale-order-with-variant-configuration/
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**SAP 产品成本核算（按销售订单和变式配置）课程总结** 本课程深入探讨SAP的控制（CO）模块，特别是产品成本核算组件，并重点关注在“按订单制造”（Make To Order, MTO）场景下结合“变式配置”（Variant Configuration）的使用。 **核心内容概要：** * **产品成本核算基础配置：** * **组织结构：** 建立和定义与财务会计（FI）和控制（CO）相关的组织单位，如公司代码、工厂、利润中心等。 * **财务集成：** 设置总账（GL）科目，并配置OBYC（FI-MM集成），实现物料管理（MM）与财务会计的自动过账。 * **业务伙伴（BP）创建：** 在S/4HANA中，客户和供应商统一通过业务伙伴进行管理。 * **成本构成结构（Cost Component Structure, OKTZ）：** 定义成本如何分类（如材料、人工、间接费用）以便于分析。 * **成本核算变式（Costing Variants, PPC1, PPP1, PPP2）：** 配置用于计算成本的规则，包括评估变式、日期控制和转移控制。 * **差异计算及结算配置：** 定义差异键和类别，并配置如何将生产差异分配给不同的控制对象。 * **分摊结构映射：** 将成本要素映射到作业单位（Activity Types），支持基于作业的成本核算。 * **作业费率计算（KP06, KP26, KSS4, KSPI）：** 计划和计算各作业单位的生产费率。 * **物料分类账（Material Ledger）配置：** 如果使用实际成本核算，物料分类账用于跟踪价格差异。 * **按销售订单和变式配置的产品成本核算：** * **特定成本核算变式（PPC4）：** 专门用于销售订单成本核算的变式，定义其规则。 * **需求类别和策略（Requirement Class & Strategy）：** 确保在MTO场景下，物料需求计划（MRP）与销售订单行为的一致性。 * **KMAT物料类型：** 可配置物料（Configurable Material）的物料类型。 * **特性和分类（Characteristics & Classes, CT04, CL01）：** 定义产品属性（如颜色、尺寸）作为特性，并将其归入分类。 * **可配置物料创建：** 基于已定义的特性和分类创建KMAT物料。 * **“超级BOM”创建（CS01）：** 创建一个包含所有可能配置所需物料的物料清单（BOM）。 * **工作中心和“超级作业路线”（Work Centers & Super Routing）：** 创建工作中心，并为KMAT物料创建包含所有可能工序的作业路线。 * **可配置化配置（Configurable Profile, CU41）：** 定义KMAT物料的配置管理方式。 * **业务流程（Process Flow）：** * **业务伙伴创建：** 创建供应商和客户。 * **销售订单创建（VA01）：** 输入选定变式的销售订单，触发成本核算。 * **采购和库存转移：** 采购原材料，并转移至销售订单库存。 * **生产确认：** 对销售订单进行生产过程的确认。 * **收货：** 将基于销售订单生产的最终产品入库。 * **交付和开票：** 向客户交付产品并开具发票。 * **差异计算与结算：** 计算并结算生产过程中的各种差异。 **总结：** 本课程强调了SAP产品成本核算与“按订单制造”以及“变式配置”的集成，旨在帮助企业准确、高效地核算定制化产品的成本。通过正确的配置，可以实现各模块之间的无缝集成，提高整体运营效率。
SAP's Controlling (CO) module, specifically its Product Costing component, facilitates the comprehensive costing of products, taking into account various facets of production. In the context of Make To Order (MTO) scenarios combined with variant configurations, Product Costing allows businesses to ascertain the cost of customized products. Let's delve into the configuration and process flow:Basic Configuration Settings for Product Costing:Organizational Structure (FI & CO): Define controlling areas, plants, company codes, and other relevant structures to enable financial and controlling functionalities.Financial Accounting Settings:GL Accounts Creation: Define various general ledger accounts for inventory, cost of goods sold, etc.OBYC-FI-MM Integration: This is the automatic posting settings between FI and MM modules.Business Partner Creation: In S/4HANA, both vendors and customers are managed as business partners (BP).Cost Component Structure (OKTZ): Define how various costs (e.g., material, labor) are grouped and shown in a cost estimate.Costing Variants (PPC1, PPP1, PPP2): These variants determine how the cost estimate is calculated. This includes valuation variants, date control, and transfer control.Variance Calculation & Settlement Configuration: Define variance keys and categories. The settlement configuration defines how these variances are allocated to different CO objects.Splitting Structure Mapping: Maps cost elements to activity types. This facilitates the activity-based costing method.Activity Rate Calculation (KP06, KP26, KSS4, KSPI): Plan and calculate rates for each activity type.Material Ledger Configuration: If you're using actual costing, the material ledger keeps track of price differences.Product Costing by Sales Order with Variant Configuration:Costing Variant (PPC4): Specific to sales order costing; determines the rules of how a sales order item is costed.Requirement Class & Strategy: Ensure alignment of MRP and sales order behavior for the Make To Order scenarios.Material Type KMAT: Configuration materials are categorized under KMAT material type.Characteristics & Classes (CT04, CL01): Characteristics represent features (e.g., color, size) of configurable products. They're grouped under classes.Configurable Material Creation: Once characteristics and classes are in place, the KMAT material is created, indicating possible configurations."Super BOM" Creation (CS01): This Bill of Materials (BOM) takes into account all possible components for the configurations.Work Centers & "Super Routing": Create work centers and then a comprehensive routing for the KMAT material that includes all possible operations.Configurable Profile (CU41): Determines how the configuration of a KMAT material will be managed.Process Flow:Business Partner Creation: Create vendors and customers.Sales Order Creation (VA01): The sales order is raised with selected variants which trigger costing.Purchase & Transfer Posting: Raw materials are procured and then transferred to sales order stock.Production Confirmation: The production process is confirmed for the sales order.Goods Receipt: The final product, based on the sales order, is received into stock.Delivery & Billing: The final product is delivered, and the customer is billed.Variance Calculation & Settlement: Any production variances are calculated and then settled to relevant CO objects.In summary, the integration of Product Costing with the Make To Order scenario, especially with variant configuration, allows businesses to effectively and accurately cost products tailored to individual customer requirements. Proper configuration ensures efficiency, accuracy, and seamless integration between the module
