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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/roman-empire-an-empire-across-three-continents/
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课程名称：罗马帝国：跨越三大洲的帝国 课程概述： 本课程探讨了罗马帝国的历史与影响，它是一个横跨欧洲、亚洲和非洲的庞大帝国。罗马帝国的边界由莱茵河和多瑙河构成北部界限，南边被广袤的撒哈拉沙漠覆盖，东边以幼发拉底河为界，西边则是大西洋。地中海被称为罗马帝国的中心。 课程中讲述了罗马的建立历程。在亚历山大帝国解体后的政治动荡中，位于意大利中部的小型而组织良好的军队利用这一机遇，从公元前二世纪开始在北非和东地中海建立了控制权。当时，罗马是一个共和国，政府基于复杂的选举体系，但其政治机构对出生和财富有一定重视，社会也受益于奴隶制。 罗马通过建立贸易网络，重新联通了曾经属于亚历山大帝国的国家。在公元前一世纪中叶，军事指挥官尤利乌斯·凯撒的统治下，罗马帝国扩展到了现今的英国和德国。拉丁语成为帝国的主要语言，尽管东部地区仍普遍使用希腊语，罗马人也高度尊重希腊文化。 进入公元后期，随着君士坦丁皇帝的基督教信仰，帝国的政治结构发生了变化，基督教逐渐成为主流宗教。为了更高效的管理，罗马帝国在公元四世纪分为东西两个部分。然而，在西部，与边境部落（哥特人、东哥特人、汪达尔人等）之间的关系逐渐恶化，导致这些部落频繁攻击罗马行政机构。由于内部分歧和规模不断扩大的冲突，西罗马帝国最终在公元五世纪崩溃。 尽管如此，多个部落在前帝国的区域内建立了自己的王国，并在基督教会的推动下，从九世纪开始形成了一个神圣罗马帝国，声称与罗马帝国有一定的延续关系。 本课程将为学习者提供对罗马帝国历史的全面理解，帮助梳理其形成、发展与衰亡的脉络。
An Empire Across Three Continents - Europe, Asia and Africa was known as Roman Empire. The boundaries of the empire were formed by two great rivers, the Rhine and the Danube from North Side. To the South, The boundaries are covered by the huge expanse of desert called the Sahara. In the east, river Euphrates and to the West Atlantic Ocean. This vast stretch of territory was known as Roman Empire. That is why Roman Empire is called an Empire across Three Continents. The Mediterranean Sea is called the heart of Rome's empire.Small but well-organised military forces of the central Italian citystate of Rome took advantage of the political discord that followed the disintegration of Alexander's empire and established control over North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean from the second century BCE.At the time, Rome was a republic. Government was based on a complex system of election, but its political institutions gave some importance to birth and wealth and society benefited from slavery. The forces of Rome established a network for trade between the states that had once been part of Alexander's empire. In the middle of the first century BCE, under Julius Caesar, a high-born military commander, this ‘Roman Empire' was extended to present-day Britain and Germany. Latin (spoken in Rome) was the main language of the empire, though many in the east continued to use Greek, and the Romans had a great respect for Hellenic culture. There were changes in the political structure of the empire from the late first century BCE, and it was substantially Christianised after the emperor Constantine became a Christian in the fourth century CE. To make government easier, the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in the fourth century CE. But in the west, there was a breakdown of the arrangements that existed between Rome and the tribes in frontier areas (Goths, Visigoths, Vandals and others). These arrangements dealt with trade, military recruitment and settlement, and the tribes increasingly attacked the Roman administration. Conflicts increased in scale, and coincided with internal dissensions in the empire, leading to the collapse of the empire in the west by the fifth century CE. Tribes established their own kingdoms within the former empire, though, with the prompting of the Christian Church, a Holy Roman Empire was formed from some of these kingdoms from the ninth century CE. This claimed some continuity with the Roman Empire.
