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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/practice-of-identification-pathogenic-bacteria-from-respirat/
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本课程是关于识别呼吸道致病菌的实践课程。课程重点介绍革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的鉴定方法。 **课程内容概述：** 1. **初步显微镜检查：** * 首先，检查样本中是否存在多核白细胞或鳞状上皮细胞。 * 计数白细胞和鳞状上皮细胞非常重要，这有助于判断样本中是否含有唾液。 2. **革兰氏阳性菌鉴定：** * **金黄色葡萄球菌 (Staphylococcus aureus)：** * 观察球菌的排列方式，如果呈葡萄串状聚集，则为革兰氏阳性球菌。 * 在血琼脂培养基上观察其形态：α-溶血、β-溶血或无溶血。 * 如果是非溶血性球菌，进行凝固酶试验：使用人血浆，若出现凝块则为金黄色葡萄球菌，否则为非金黄色葡萄球菌。 * **链球菌 (Streptococcus)：** * 观察球菌是否呈链状排列。 * 在血琼脂培养基上培养，观察是否为β-溶血性链球菌。 * **肺炎双球菌 (Diplococcus pneumoniae)：** * 引起肺炎的病原体。 * 显微镜下形态为两个球菌相连。 * 革兰氏染色为阳性。 * 主要特征是具有荚膜，荚膜可以保护细菌免受吞噬作用。 3. **其他观察：** * 在同一张显微镜载玻片上，可能还会发现鳞状上皮细胞和脓细胞 (pus cells)。 4. **革兰氏阴性菌：** * 课程也涉及革兰氏阴性菌的鉴定。 * 虽然有些革兰氏阴性菌无致病性，但课程会介绍在培养基上的典型表现。 5. **重要临床关联：** * 如果从咽喉部样本培养出β-溶血性链球菌，可能导致扁桃体炎、脓疱病。 * 未治疗的咽喉感染可能进一步引起肾炎和其他更严重的并发症。 **总结：** 本课程通过显微镜检查、培养基特性分析和生化试验等方法，系统地介绍了从呼吸道样本中分离、鉴定常见致病细菌（包括金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌和肺炎双球菌）的实验技术和理论知识，并强调了这些细菌在临床上的重要性及其引起的疾病。
This course is dealing with the gram positive bacteria and gram.negative bacteria.The first step is to examine if there is polymorph nuclear leucocytes or epithelial cells.The counting of leukocyte is very important and the same for squamous epithelial cells and this process will give you an idea if there is saliva.If there is Staphylococcus aureus look at the arrangement of cocci if it is clusters as grape shape and in this case there is confirmation that it is gram positive cocci in case of this type of infection and we will do the next step which is blood agar morphology if it. I't is alpha or beta hemolytic cocci and if there is non hemolytic cocci then we will do coagulase test if we use human plasma if there is clot means it is S aureus while if there's no clot means Staphylococcus not aureus.Then we will seeing there is chain of cocci that it is Streptococcus so we will culture on blood agar plate and see if there is beta hemolytic StreptococcusThis course will include identification of dlococcus pneumonia which cause pneumonia and the microscopic morphology showed two cocci attached together. and it stain positive with gram stain and the main character of this bacteria is presence of capsule and one of the main features of the capsule is it is protect the bacteria from phagocyrosisSometimes in the same microscopic slide you will find other structures like simple squamous epithelial cells and pus cells. The most important findings is the gram.negative bacteria which can be non pathogenic but when you use the culture media such as blood agar you will find the predominantly type is the Streptococcus which is beta hemolytic if it is from. Throat which cause tonsillitis and impetigo or if the sore throat isnot treated it will cause nephritis and more complications.
