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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/political-science-political-party-and-politics/
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**课程名称：** 政治学 - 政党与政治 **课程概述：** 本课程将对政治学进行科学研究，将其定义为一门研究治理系统、权力、政治活动、政治思想、政治行为以及相关宪法和法律的社会科学。 课程重点探讨印度的政治体系，该体系在印度的宪法框架内运作。印度是一个议会民主共和国，总统是国家元首，总理是政府首脑。虽然“联邦制”一词未在宪法中明确提及，但印度实行联邦结构，即中央政府和各邦组成的二元政治体系。宪法规定了中央和地方政府的组织、权力和限制，并被认为是至高无上的，所有国家法律都必须符合宪法。 印度实行两院制议会，包括代表各邦的联邦院（Rajya Sabha）和代表全体人民的人民院（Lok Sabha）。宪法保障司法独立，最高法院居于首位。最高法院的职责包括保护宪法、解决中央与地方之间的争端、处理邦际争端、废除违宪的法律以及保护公民基本权利，并在侵犯时发布令状强制执行。
Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and laws.Politics of India works within the framework of the country's Constitution. India is a parliamentary democratic republic in which the President of India is the head of state and the Prime Minister of India is the head of government. It is based on the federal structure of government, although the word is not used in the Constitution itself. India follows the dual polity system, i.e. federal in nature, that consists of the central authority at the centre and states at the periphery. The Constitution defines the organisational powers and limitations of both central and state governments; it is well recognised, fluid (Preamble of the Constitution being rigid and to dictate further amendments to the Constitution) and considered supreme, i.e. the laws of the nation must conform to it.There is a provision for a bicameral legislature consisting of an upper house, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), which represents the states of the Indian federation, and a lower house, the Lok Sabha (House of the People), which represents the people of India as a whole. The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary, which is headed by the Supreme Court. The court's mandate is to protect the Constitution, to settle disputes between the central government and the states, to settle inter-state disputes, to nullify any central or state laws that go against the Constitution and to protect the fundamental rights of citizens, issuing writs for their enforcement in cases of violation.
