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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/plato-s-republic-part-ii/
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课程名称：《柏拉图的理想国 - 第二部分》 课程概述：本课程将深入探讨《理想国》的下半部分，其中涉及到柏拉图形而上的核心思想，特别是著名的“洞穴比喻”。哲学被视为生活中做出正确选择的必要工具，并帮助灵魂从感官世界提升至超越所有变化和生成的最高可知现实。柏拉图提出了多个引人深思的类比，例如用“太阳”来解释神的本质，以及用“分割线”来阐释其哲学体系中的不同现实层级。 此外，课程将讨论柏拉图对各种政治体制的独特观点，包括荣誉政治、寡头政治、民主和暴政，以及哲人王的贵族统治。柏拉图还重新审视了哲学与诗歌之间在希腊教育（παιδεία）中的争论，并对悲剧诗歌进行了形而上的道德批评。 在课程的最后几个章节，柏拉图探讨了正义的价值，讨论其是否本身有价值，或仅仅是其后果所致。同时，柏拉图对智慧和美德的哲学家生活与暴君生活进行了对比，深入探讨“什么是美好生活”的问题，以及人类灵魂的本质、其不朽性以及死后的命运。
The second half of The Republic brings us to the heart of Plato´s metaphysics expressed in the famous Allegory of the Cave. Philosophy is vindicated as necessary to make the right choice in life and to help the soul in its ascent from the world of the senses to the highest intelligible reality beyond all change and becoming. This master teacher of philosophy puts forth other evocative analogies like that of the Sun to explain the nature of the divine, and the Divided line to explain the different levels of reality in his system. We also will discuss Plato´s sometimes surprising views on various forms of political constitution including timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and tyranny as well as the aristocratic rule of the philosopher king. The contest between philosophy and poetry to define the character of Greek education (παιδεία) is resumed in these chapters with Plato´s metaphysical and moral critiques of tragic poetry explained. We also arrive in these closing chapters at Plato´s answers regarding whether justice is valuable in itself or only for its consequences. Plato contrasts the life of the wise and virtuous philosopher with that of the tyrant. In this discussion, Plato examines the question "What is the good life?" as well as the character of the human soul and the question of its immortality, and its fate after death.
