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本课程《管壁厚度计算 II 许用应力 II PT 额定值》旨在深入讲解管道工程中的核心概念和计算方法。 课程将涵盖以下关键内容： * **管道基础知识：** 介绍什么是管道，理解管道的规格（Schedule），以及外径、内径与管壁厚度之间的关系。探讨为何总是倾向于最小壁厚。 * **尺寸标准：** * 重点分析碳钢和不锈钢管道的尺寸标准（ASME B36.10 & 36.19），包括对标准的理解和其涵盖的总范围。 * **ASME B31.3 壁厚计算：** * 详细介绍如何根据ASME B31.3标准计算管道壁厚，区分“班次条件”（Class conditions）和“管线条件”（Line Conditions）。 * 讲解进行管道壁厚计算所需的各种输入参数及其获取途径。 * 阐述不同ASTM标准之间的相互关联。 * 深入理解PT额定值（Pressure-Temperature Rating）的概念，并与ASME B16.5标准联系。 * 解释许用应力（Allowable stresses）、拉伸应力（Tensile stress）和屈服应力（Yield stress）与应力-应变图（Stress-strain diagram）的关系。 * 明确在参考规范和标准进行壁厚计算时使用的单位系统。 * 通过实例（如4英寸碳钢管）进行实际的管道壁厚计算。 * 根据管线表（Line list）中给出的管线条件进行壁厚计算。 **常见问题解答（FAQ）**部分将解答以下疑问： * **ID 和 OD 的含义：** 解释内径（ID）和外径（OD）的区别，以及它们与管壁厚度的关系。 * **管道壁厚公差：** 说明管道壁厚常见的公差为12.5%，即壁厚在任何位置不得小于名义壁厚的87.5%。 * **所需厚度（Required thickness）：** 定义计算的最小厚度（不含腐蚀余量），这基于相应的设规范、允许应力，并考虑压力、机械和结构载荷。 * **厚度单位：** 介绍“mil”作为一种厚度单位，等于千分之一英寸。 * **最小所需厚度（Minimum required thickness）：** 解释在不考虑腐蚀余量的情况下，根据设计规范计算和许用应力确定的管道构件的最小厚度，同时考虑压力、机械和结构载荷。 * **管道尺寸测量：** 说明管材（Tube）通常按外径测量，而管道（Pipe）通常按内径测量。 * **百分比厚度计算：** 提供计算百分比厚度的公式 `t = P * D / (2 * F * S * E)`，并解释公式中各参数的含义（t：计算壁厚，P：设计压力，D：管子外径，F：设计系数，S：规定最小屈服强度，E：纵向接头系数）。 * **“STD”在管道中的含义：** 解释“STD”代表标准厚度，指的是管道生产时具有的特定厚度，并提及STD钢管有加强（XS）、特重（XH）、双加强（XXS）和双特重（XXH）等规格。 * **ASME B36.10M：** 介绍该标准是关于冷加工或热加工无缝钢管和焊接钢管的尺寸标准化。 * **ASME B36.19M：** 介绍该标准是关于冷加工或热加工不锈钢无缝钢管和焊接钢管的尺寸标准化，特别指出“pipe”一词在此标准中用于指代管道和管线系统中常用的管状产品。 * **“Schedule 40”的由来：** 解释Schedule（SCH）数值是无量纲的，SCH 40不代表40毫米或40英寸直径，其参数由ASME B36决定。 * **Schedule 80 与 Schedule 40 的厚度比较：** 指出Schedule 80在给定的公称尺寸下，比Schedule 40有更大的壁厚、更小的内径和更高的重量。
•What is pipe•Understanding the Pipe schedule•Relationship between outer, inner diameters w.r.t. Pipe wall thickness.•Why always minimum thickness is desirable?1.Dimensional standards for Carbon & stainless steels (ASME 36.10 & 36.19)•Understanding the Standards•Total scope covered in standards2.Pipe wall thickness Calculation as per ASME B31.3 (Class conditions & Line Conditions)•What are various inputs required to start calculating pipe thickness?•Where do we get the inputs from?•Understanding Co-relation between Various ASTM Standards•Understanding the PT rating concept w.r.t ASME 16.5•Understanding the Allowable stresses, Tensile stress & Yield Stress w.r.t Stress-strain diagram•Unit system used while referring code & standards while calculating wall thickness?•Actual Pipe wall thickness calculations (4" Carbon steel)•Pipe wall thickness calculation based on line conditions given in Line list.Frequently Asked Questions:What is ID and OD of pipe?The outside of the pipe is always larger than the inside. The difference between the inside diameter (ID) and the outside diameter (OD) is due to the thickness of the wall.What is the thickness tolerance in pipe?The most common tolerance on the wall thickness of straight pipe is 12.5%. This means that the wall thickness at any given location around the circumference of the pipe must not be less than 87.5% of the nominal wall thickness.What is required thickness?The minimum thickness without corrosion allowance for each element of a pressure vessel based on the appropriate design code calculations and code allowable stress that consider pressure, mechanical, and structural loadings.What unit is thickness?A "mil" is a unit of thickness equal to one thousandth of an inch (. 001 inch). To convert mil to inches, take mil and divide by 1000.What is minimum required thickness?The thickness without corrosion allowance for each component of a piping system based on the appropriate design code calculations and code allowable stress that consider pressure, mechanical and structural loadings.Is pipe sized by ID or OD?Tube is measured by outside diameter, pipe is measured by inside diameter.How do you calculate percent thickness?t = P * D / (2 * F *S * E)1. t: Calculated Wall thickness (mm)2. P: Design pressure for the pipeline (kPa)=78 bar-g=7800 KPa.3. D: Outside diameter of pipe (mm)= 273.05 mm.4. F: Design factor = 0.72.5. S: Specified Minimum Yield Strength (MPa)=359870 KPa for the specified material.6. E: Longitudinal joint factor = 1.0What is STD in piping?In pipes engineering, STD refers to standard thickness. Each pipes was produced to have one thickness that was later termed as STD. Schedule STD Steel Pipes is available in extra strong (XS), extra heavy (XH), double extra strong (XXS), and Double extra heavy (XXH).What is ASME B36 10M?B36.10M Welded and Seamless wrought steel pipeThis standard covers the standardization of dimensions of welded and seamless wrought steel pipe for high or low temperatures and pressures.What is ASME B36 19m?This Standard covers the standardization of dimensions of welded and seamless wrought stainless steel pipe for high or low temperatures and pressures. The word pipe is used, as distinguished from tube, to apply to tubular products of dimensions commonly used for pipeline and piping systems.Why is it called Schedule 40?Why is it called schedule 40 pipe? The pipe numbers are non-dimensional. In other words, SCH 40 doesn't mean the pipe is 40 millimeters or 40 inches in diameter. The parameters for each schedule are determined by the ASME B36Which is thicker Schedule 80 or Schedule 40?The major difference between schedule 40 and schedule 80 pipe is the wall thickness, inside diameter, and their weight. Schedule 80 will have a greater wall thickness, a smaller inside diameter and a higher weight than Schedule 40 pipe at a given nominal pipe size.
