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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/petroleum-production-chemicals/
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**课程名称：石油工业用化学品** **课程概述：** 本课程深入探讨了石油工业中使用的各种化学品及其应用。化学处理是通过有计划地添加特定化学品组合来解决现场问题的过程。这些化学品包括： * **缓蚀剂：** 用于降低管道的腐蚀速率。 * **杀菌剂：** 用于缓解各种微生物问题。 * **清除剂：** 与潜在的腐蚀性物质反应，使其失活。石油和天然气行业中最常见的清除剂是氧清除剂和硫化氢清除剂。 * **阻垢剂：** 用于防止水中的成分结合形成不溶性化合物并沉积在管道内壁上，例如碳酸钙、硫酸钙和硫酸钡。 * **破乳剂（脱水化学品）：** 用于破坏原油乳液的稳定性，并帮助油滴聚结，从而实现原油脱水。 课程强调了验证化学处理方案性能的重要性，并介绍了两种主要的化学品应用方法： * **连续注入：** 当需要维持化学品在输送流体中的特定浓度时使用。此方法需要配备化学品储罐、控制单元、控制接口，可能还有混合器和流量计的化学泵系统。注入方式可以是开放式管道或鹅颈管，也可以使用雾化喷嘴，后者特别适用于需要将化学品分散到气相中的情况，例如处理顶盖腐蚀。为了避免化学品注入点发生腐蚀，注入系统的所有材料（如储罐、弹性体、管道等）都必须与化学品兼容。最有效的注入位置是管道或容器的中心。 * **间歇处理（批处理）：** 设计用于在两次处理之间形成缓蚀膜以提供保护。通常在短时间内以高浓度（数万 ppm）将化学品泵入管道。
• Chemical treatment involves the planned addition of a site-specific combination of chemicals. The treatment may include chemicals designed to inhibit corrosion, control microbial activity (biocide), Oxygen scavenge ,hydrogen sulfied scavenge , control scaling(scale inhibitor), and/or oil Demulsifier,The performance of chemical treatment programs must be verified. The two most common application methods used for chemical treatments are continuous injection and batch treatment.• Corrosion inhibitors are substances that are added to a pipeline to reduce the corrosion rate).• Biocides are used to mitigate various microbiological problems.• Scavengers are used to react with a particular potentially corrosive species making it unavailable to participate in corrosion reactions. The two most commonly used scavengers in the oil and gas industry are oxygen and H2S scavengers.• Scaling occurs when water constituents combine to form insoluble compounds which are then deposited on the pipe wall. Typical scales include calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and barium sulfate and scale inhibitor prevent this formation to occurs• Dehydration chemicals, or demulsifiers, are chemical compounds that are widely used to destabilize, and assist in coalescence of, crude-oil emulsions.• Treatment chemicals are injected continuously when a specified concentration of chemical is desired in the fluids being transported. Continuous injection requires the installation of chemical pumps and other equipment including a chemical holding tank, a control unit, control interface, and potentially a mixer and flow meter.• Chemical injection can be performed through an open tube or quill or using an atomizing nozzle. Atomizing nozzles are used to disperse a chemical into the gas phase. Where top-of-line corrosion is occurring, it may be necessary to inject the treatment chemical into the gas phase. If chemicals are added directly to the line (i.e., not using a tube or quill), corrosion may occur at the site of chemical injection. The materials within the injection system should be compatible with the product (e.g., storage tanks, elastomers, tubing, etc.) The most effective position for chemical injection is the center of the pipe or vessel.• Batch treatments are designed to lay down an inhibition film to provide protection between treatments. Chemicals are typically pumped into the pipeline at a high concentration (generally, tens of thousands of parts per million) for a brief period of time.
