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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/pediatric-chest-ultrasound/
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**课程名称：** 儿科胸部超声 **课程概述：** 该课程专注于儿科胸部超声技术，特别强调了其在新生儿和早产儿群体中的应用。这些脆弱的患者群体需要一个特殊的、恒温的培养箱环境，而“最小化干预”是新生儿科的一项关键策略，任何操作都需权衡利弊。 超声技术发展近四十年，已广泛应用于妇产科、腹部、泌尿系统、妇科、产科及心脏超声等领域。儿童在生理、心理、沟通、循环、身体构成和比例等方面与成人存在显著差异。儿童时期，骨骼大部分由软骨构成，这为超声检查带来了挑战与机遇。 与成人相比，儿童的胸腔纵向长度较短，上腹部器官被肋骨覆盖较少。结合肠道内脂肪含量较低等特点，可以轻松获得高质量、高分辨率的图像。多普勒超声的应用则能检测、监测和量化血流，使得颅脑超声、脊柱或髋关节超声等具挑战性的检查成为可能。更重要的是，所有检查均可在床旁进行，包括配合使用培养箱的检查，使超声成为新生儿科理想的影像学工具。 鉴于早产儿因先天发育不全而常患肺部疾病，评估和描述肺超声的潜力至关重要。多年来，胸部超声已用于评估胸腔积液、肺实变、表面活性物质缺乏症和气胸的检测。儿科医生和放射科医生也积极利用超声引导介入操作和外周血管置入，例如，通过锁骨下途径可无创地监测中心静脉导管的正确位置。
Neonates and premature babies represent the most vulnerable patient group owing to their limited ability to negotiate their "unfamiliar" life after delivery. Therefore, a special environment using incubators is set up to provide homeostasis, for example, temperature. "Minimal handling" is one of the major strategies in neonatology, and every action must be balanced between possible harms and benefits. Almost 40 years have passed since the introduction of ultrasound in clinical use. Starting with obstetrics, many areas of the body can be scanned safely by ultrasound; the most common investigations involve abdominal, urinary tract, gynecological, and obstetric sonography as well as echocardiography.Children differ in many respects from adults, including in their psychology, communication, circulation, body composition, and proportions, to name just a few. Depending on age, a variable, usually considerable, amount of the skeleton is not calcified but consists of cartilage. This presents new challenges and possibilities for ultrasound. Owing to the reduced craniocaudal chest length compared to adults, the upper abdominal organs are less covered by the rib cage, and in combination with, for example, the small amount of intestinal fat content, high-quality images with excellent resolution can be obtained easily. In addition, Doppler ultrasound makes it possible to detect, monitor, and quantify flow. Therefore, challenging applications, like brainultrasound and spinal or hip sonography, are possible. Even better, all investigations can be conducted bedside, including those involving the use of incubators, making ultrasound the perfect imaging tool in neonatology.Considering the high frequency of lung diseases in premature babies due to their inherent immaturity, it is a logical step to evaluate and describe the potential of lung ultrasound. For several years chest ultrasound was used for the evaluation of pleural effusions, consolidation, surfactant deficiency states, and pneumothorax detection. Enthusiastic pediatricians and radiologists used ultrasound also to guide interventions and insertions of peripheral lines; in particular, correct, central positioning can be monitored noninvasively by ultrasound using a subcostal approach.
