Operating System Crash Course For Beginners - IGNOU Part - 1

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课程名称:初学者操作系统速成课程 - IGNOU 第一部分 概述:本课程专为以下人员设计:来自印度国立开放大学(IGNOU)的学生,以及对操作系统基本概念感兴趣的人士。该课程特别适合那些因工作安排而没有足够时间学习的成年学生。教程涵盖了重要主题、概念及过去几次IGNOU期末考试中出现的问题。 课程大纲: 1. 引言 2. 什么是操作系统?(示例:DOS、Unix、Windows、Macintosh) 3. 操作系统的发展历程 4. 操作系统的类型 5. 多任务操作系统 6. 多处理系统 7. 网络操作系统 8. 分布式操作系统 9. 操作系统的功能 - 进程管理 - 内存管理 - 文件管理 10. 进程的概念 - 进程状态 - 进程的实施 - 上下文切换 - 线程 11. 进程调度 - 调度器的定义 - 进程生命周期 - 调度类型(长期调度、短期调度、中期调度) - 调度算法(解决问题) - 抢占式调度 - 非抢占式调度 - 先来先服务(FCFS) - 短作业优先(SJF) - 时间片轮转(RR) - 剩余时间最短下一个(SRTN) - 基于优先级调度或事件驱动调度 12. 进程间通信与同步 - 进程间通信 - 共享内存系统 - 消息传递系统 - 进程间同步 - 临界区:互斥解决方案 - 互斥锁:互斥 - Bakery 算法 - 并发编程中的经典问题(生产者/消费者问题、死锁等) 13. 内存管理 - 内存管理技术(覆盖、交换、分页、虚拟内存) - 虚拟内存概念 - 请求分页 - 页面替换策略(解决问题) - 先进先出(FIFO) - 最近最少使用(LRU) - 最佳算法(OPT) - 过度换页(Thrashing)及其避免方法 14. I/O 文件管理 15. 安全与保护 - 安全模型(Bell和La-Padula模型) 本课程为初学者提供了操作系统的基础知识和实践,帮助学生在有限的时间内快速掌握核心概念和技能。

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This course is designed for:Students from Universities such as IGNOUPeople who are interested in learning the basics of Operating System Concepts.The Course prepares especially those mature students who do not have enough time for studies because of their work schedule. The tutorial covers the important topics, concepts and questions asked in the previous few IGNOU term-end examination papers.SyllabusIntroWhat is an Operating System? ( Example: DOS, Unix, Windows, Macintosh )Generations of Operating Systems.Types Of Operating SystemsMultiprogramming Operating SystemMultiprocessing SystemNetworking Operating SystemDistributed Operating SystemFunctions Of Operating SystemsProcess ManagementMemory ManagementFile ManagementProcessesProcess StatesImplementation Of ProcessesContext SwitchingThreadsProcess SchedulingWhat is a scheduler?Process Life-CycleTypes of SchedulersLong Term SchedulerShort Term SchedulerMedium Term Scheduler.Scheduling Algorithms ( * Solving problems )Preemptive schedulingNon-Preemptive schedulingFirst Come First Serve (FCFS)Shortest Job First (SJF)Round Robin (RR)Shortest Remaining Time Next (SRTN)Priority Based Scheduling or Event-Driven (ED) SchedulingInterprocess Communication and SynchronizationInterprocess CommunicationShared-Memory SystemMessage-Passing SystemInterprocess SynchronizationCritical Sections: The Mutex SolutionMutexes: Mutual ExclusionBakery's AlgorithmClassical Problems in Concurrent ProgrammingProducers/Consumers ProblemLocksDeadLocksCharacterization of a DeadlockMutual Exclusion ConditionHold and Wait ConditionNo-Preemptive ConditionCircular Wait ConditionMemory ManagementMemory Management TechniquesOverlaysSwappingPagingVirtual MemoryWhat is a virtual memoryDemand PagingPage Replacement Policies ( * Solve Problems )First In First Out (FIFO)Least Recently Used (LRU)Optimal Algorithm (OPT)ThrashingWhat is thrashingWays to avoid thrashingWorking-Set ModelPage-Fault RateI/O File managementRAIDSecurity and ProtectionSecurity ModelsBell and La-padula model

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