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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/molecular-biology-mechanism-of-gene-silencing/
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本课程“分子生物学：基因沉默机制”深入探讨了基因调控的关键领域——基因沉默。人体拥有数万亿的细胞，每个细胞的活动都由细胞核中的 DNA 控制。DNA 包含了生命体的遗传密码，但它通常不直接参与蛋白质的合成。取而代之的是，DNA 依赖 RNA 分子来传递指令并将其转化为生物功能，这一过程称为基因表达。 基因沉默是一种表观遗传修饰，能够暂时关闭先前活跃的特定基因，从而实现对疾病的控制。这种“沉默”意味着阻断某个基因传递可能引发不良反应的信息。它是一种基因敲低机制，通常能将基因表达降低至少 70%，但不会完全消除。 基因沉默主要通过两种途径实现：转录基因沉默 (TGS) 和转录后基因沉默 (PTGS)。 * **转录基因沉默 (TGS)** 是一种发生在细胞核内的机制，通过阻断启动子区域与转录机器的结合来抑制转录。TGS 的具体方法包括 RNA 导向的 DNA 甲基化 (RdDM)、基因组印记、基因突变、转座子沉默和位置效应。 * **转录后基因沉默 (PTGS)** 是一种发生在细胞质中的现象，它能够精确地靶向并降解特定基因的 mRNA 转录本。PTGS 的方法包括 RNA 干扰 (RNAi)、CRISPR/Cas9 系统和无义介导的衰变 (NMD)。 基因沉默在植物的生长发育中起着至关重要的作用，包括转基因沉默、控制转座子、解毒毒素和过敏原、改善品质性状以及提供对生物和非生物胁迫的免疫力。 本课程对于生物化学、分子生物学、生物技术和遗传学领域的学生和研究人员具有重要的学习价值。
There are around 30-40 trillion cells in the human body. Each cell consists of an outer membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, which controls the activity of the rest of the cell. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which contains the ‘genetic code' of living things, is located in the nucleus. DNA remains confined to the nucleus of the cell and it relies on another molecule, RNA, to deliver its instructions and translate them into action. When the instructions are turned into a functional product, such as a protein, this is called gene expression.Gene silencing is generally defined as an epigenetic modification of gene expression leading to inactivation of previously active individual genes. Gene silencing makes use of the body's natural processes to control disease by suppressing or ‘silencing' specific genes that are associated with certain diseases. In this context, ‘silencing' means temporarily blocking a specific gene's message that would otherwise trigger an unwanted effect. It is considered a gene knockdown mechanism since the methods used to silence genes generally reduce the expression of a gene by at least 70% but do not eliminate it.Gene silencing occurs via transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) is a nuclear-localized mechanism, which quenches transcription by blocking a promoter region for the binding of transcriptional machinery. Different methods of TGS are RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), genomic imprinting, paramutation, transposon silencing, and position effect. Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a cytoplasm-localized phenomenon to precisely target and degrade mRNA transcripts of specific genes. Different methods of PTGS are RNA interference (RNAi), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9), and nonsense mediated decay (NMD).Gene silencing plays important role in the growth and development of plants by transgene silencing, taming of TEs, detoxifing of toxins and allergens, improving quality traits and providing immunity against biotic and abiotic stress.This course is a valuable resource for students and researchers related to biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, and genetics. Start your learning journey now and explore the hidden truth about nature!
