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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/modern-philosophy-what-is-the-meaning-of-life/
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**课程摘要：存在主义哲学：人生的意义是什么？** 本课程深入探讨了人类自古以来就存在的终极问题：“人生的意义是什么？”。“我为何在此？我从何而来？活着意味着什么？我的目标是什么？”。课程聚焦于从世俗、非宗教的视角，由亚里士多德、克尔凯郭尔、尼采、荣格、萨特和加缪等存在主义哲学家提出的深刻见解。 课程将循序渐进地介绍这些思想家及其核心理论： * **叔本华**：这位“无神论和悲观主义之父”深受印度教启发，认为生命被一种盲目的“生命意志”驱动，这种意志使我们不断地经历痛苦。 * **克尔凯郭尔**：尽管他以非宗教的视角开始，但最终认为“没有上帝就没有意义”，他被认为是存在主义的奠基人。 * **尼采**：这位哲学家宣告“上帝已死”，认为人生意义在于追求“权力意志”，通过伟大成就实现永恒。 * **荣格**：他的“无意识理论”至关重要，阐述了我们天生就有的“原型”（文化图腾）如何影响我们的生活。 * **萨特**：这位存在主义哲学家认为，“存在先于本质”，我们是空白的画布，有责任为自己的人生描绘意义。 * **加缪**：他提出了“荒谬主义”哲学，认为人生本无意义，不应强求，而应专注于“快乐意志”。 课程旨在帮助学习者批判性地思考人生意义，并探索哲学在回答这一永恒问题中的作用。
What is the meaning of life? This is perhaps the single most difficult question that every human being faces at some point in their life. Since the dawn of humanity, humans have wondered why I am here? Where have I come from? And what does it mean to be alive? And what is my purpose in life?Since there was no rational answer, throughout history, humans resorted to religious faith to satisfy this existential dilemma. God was the answer. But modernity came along to question the existence of God. So now it was left to philosophers to come up with a rational answer. In this video, I will attempt to give you one of the most comprehensive philosophical answer to the question, what is the meaning of life from a more secular, non-religious perspective. Most of these philosophers were atheist, expect one. So the big question is: does philosophy have an answer? Or is philosophy dead wrong about the meaning of life?First, we start with Schopenhauer the father of atheism and pessimism. Inspired by Hinduism, Schopenhauer's philosophy centres on will to life. We are driven by a blind will to continue life and suffer. But why and how? Second, Soren Kierkegaard starts off from a non-religious perspective but his quest ends in God. In other words, he thinks there cannot be meaning, without god. But why? I included him because he is often considered the father of existentialism and had great influence on future philosophers.Third, Nietzsche said God is dead and rationality is too boring, so he places the meaning of life in his doctrine of will to power. In other words, we are not driven to continue life, but rather to achieve immortality through greatness. But how can we do that? Fourth, Carl Jung's theory of the unconscious is very important to understand the meaning of life. We are born pre-assembled with a software, or cultural artefacts called archetypes that helps us navigate life. But how does the unconscious influence the conscious mind?Fifth, JP Sartre's existential philosophy claims there is no essence prior to existence. We are born as empty slate and it is up to us to paint a meaning on it. But how do we define our own existence? This section is perhaps the longest, which is ironic, the philosophy of emptiness has the most things to say. Or it makes sense, when something is empty, you need more stuff to fill it. And finally, Albert Camus's philosophy of absurdism states that there is no meaning in life so no point searching for one. Instead focus on something else, which he calls the will to joy.
