Life Span Development (Certificate of Completion)

所在平台: Udemy

课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/life-span-development-conceptionprenatal-to-end-of-life/

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**Coursera课程总结:生命周期发展** 本课程深入探讨了从受孕到死亡的个体变化与成长过程。发展心理学家将发展视为一个贯穿终生的、可科学研究的连续过程,涵盖了身体、认知和社会心理三大领域。 生命周期发展被定义为一个主动的、持续的应对发展任务的过程。这些任务,即需求、挑战和机遇,取决于个体在特定年龄阶段所处的环境和生活状况。发展任务是生物成熟、社会对“成功”衰老或发展的规范性认知以及个人计划、目标、需求和价值观相互作用的结果。 课程讨论了跨越身体、认知和社会心理这三大领域的发展的规范性方法,即“什么是正常发展?”。早期20世纪的规范心理学家通过研究大量不同年龄的儿童,确定了儿童在各个领域达到特定发展里程碑的平均年龄。这些与年龄相关的平均值可作为指导,比较同龄儿童,从而了解他们达到特定规范性事件(如爬行、行走、写作、穿衣、识别颜色、说话、开始青春期等)的大致年龄。 课程还探讨了众多不同的人类发展理论视角。在评估这些理论时,课程强调发展心理学关注“人如何变化”,并引入了几个关键问题: * **连续性与不连续性:** 发展变化是平稳的还是不均匀的? * **单一发展路径 vs. 多元发展路径:** 发展模式对所有人都是一样的,还是存在多种不同的发展路径? * **先天与后天(Nature vs. Nurture):** 我们的个性与特质是基因决定的,还是环境塑造的?课程深入讨论了遗传与环境互动对发展的影响,并通过例子(如亲子行为相似性、领养子女的家庭联系、同胞差异等)来探究这一长期存在的争论。 **课程目标:** * 从心理学的不同理论视角描述人类行为和心理过程。 * 识别人类生物学与心理学之间的相互关系。 * 识别心理学研究与人类发展之间的关联方式。 * 展示识别必要信息以回答涉及心理学术语和概念问题的能力。 * 培养对心理学作为一门基于当代研究数据、不断变化的学科的理解。

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Lifespan development explores how we change and grow from conception to death. This field of psychology is studied by developmental psychologists. They view development as a lifelong process that can be studied scientifically across three developmental domains: physical, cognitive development, and psychosocial.Lifespan development can be described as a continuous and active process of coping with developmental tasks, i.e., demands, challenges, and chances that depend on people's environment and life situation in given phases of the aging process. Specific developmental tasks are conceptualized as a consequence of the interaction between biological maturity, normative conceptions of ‘successful' aging or development in society and individual plans, aims, needs, and values.Across these three domains-physical, cognitive, and psychosocial-the normative approach to development is also discussed. This approach asks, "What is normal development?" In the early decades of the 20th century, normative psychologists studied large numbers of children at various ages to determine norms (i.e., average ages) of when most children reach specific developmental milestones in each of the three domains. Although children develop at slightly different rates, we can use these age-related averages as general guidelines to compare children with same-age peers to determine the approximate ages they should reach specific normative events called developmental milestones (e.g., crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty).There are many different theoretical approaches regarding human development. As we evaluate them in this course, recall that developmental psychology focuses on how people change, and keep in mind that all the approaches that is presented address questions of change: Is the change smooth or uneven (continuous versus discontinuous)? Is this pattern of change the same for everyone, or are there many different patterns of change (one course of development versus many courses)? How do genetics and environment interact to influence development (nature versus nurture)?Are we who we are because of nature (biology and genetics), or are we who we are because of nurture (our environment and culture)? This longstanding question is known in psychology as the nature versus nurture debate. It seeks to understand how our personalities and traits are the product of our genetic makeup and biological factors, and how they are shaped by our environment, including our parents, peers, and culture. For instance, why do biological children sometimes act like their parents-is it because of genetics or because of early childhood environment and what the child has learned from the parents? What about children who are adopted-are they more like their biological families or more like their adoptive families? And how can siblings from the same family be so different?This course considers basic psychological perspectives on human development. Using the concept of continuing maturation from conception throughout the lifespan.Course Objectives:· Describe human behavior and mental processes from various theoretical perspectives in the field of psychology· Identify the interrelationship between human biology and psychology· Identify the manner in which psychological research relates to human development· Demonstrate the skill of identifying information needed to answer questions pertaining to psychological terms and concepts· Develop an understanding of psychology as an ever-changing discipline, based on contemporary research data

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