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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/lets-spek-polish-parts-of-speech/
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这门课程是“波兰语几乎毫无秘密”系列的一部分，专注于波兰语的实际运用。本课程重点介绍波兰语的人称代词、变格代词、所有格形容词和代词、指示代词，以及反身代词和强调代词。 课程详细讲解了波兰语人称代词的格变化，并与英语进行了对比。在波兰语中，从宾格到呼格的格变化是通过主要代词本身的变格来完成的，而英语则需要借助介词。课程列举了波兰语人称代词在各个格（主格、属格、与格、宾格、工具格、方位格、呼格）中的形式，并给出了相应的英语翻译和疑问词。 此外，课程还阐述了波兰语中所有格形容词的特点：它们会根据人称、数以及所属名词的格进行变化，与英语中所有格形容词更依赖于其修饰的名词的数和格不同。课程通过例句展示了这一差异。 课程也介绍了波兰语中的反身代词“się / sobie”，指出它在所有人称和数上是通用的，而英语则会根据人称和数使用不同形式的反身代词。通过例句，课程展示了“się”的用法，以及“się / sobie”在不同语境下的具体含义。 最后，课程列出了其结构索引，涵盖了人称代词、变格代词、所有格形容词、所有格代词、指示代词、反身代词/强调代词的区分，并提供了所有测验的答案，以帮助学习者跟踪学习进度。
This course is part of the 'Polish Almost Without Secrets' series. The entire series is dedicated to the practical aspects of using various types of verbs, other parts of speech, and grammatical tenses in the Polish language.This particular course covers Polish personal and inflected pronouns, possessive adjectives and pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, as well as reflexive and emphatic pronouns.Inflection of Personal Pronoun by Cases in PolishIn the Polish language, cases from the accusative to the vocative are formed in the same way as for nouns, i.e., through the full declension of the main pronoun without an additional preposition. In English, cases from the accusative to the locative are created using an inflected pronoun with an appropriate preposition.Mianownik kto?, co? (Nominative who?, what?): ja (I), ty (you), on (he), ona (she), ono (it), my (we), wy (you), oni (they),Dopełniacz kogo?, czego? (Genitive whose?, or of whom?, of what?): mnie (of me), ciebie (of you), jego (of him), jej (of her), jego (of it), nas (of us), was (of you), ich (of them),Celownik komu?, czemu? (Dative to whom? froe whom?): mi (to me) / dla mnie (for me), tobie (to you) /dla ciebie (for you), jemu (to him) /dla niego (for him), jej (to her) / dla niej (for her), jemu (to it) / dla niego (for it), nam (to us) / dla nas (for us), wam (to you) / dla was (for you), im (to them) / dla nich (for them),Biernik kogo?, co? (Accusative whom?, what?): mnie (me), ciebie (you), jego (him), jej (her), jego (it), nas (us), was (you), ich (them)Narzędnik z kim?, z czym? (Instrumental with whom?, by whom?): ze mną / mną (with/by me) , z tobą / tobą (with/by you), z nim / nim (with/by him), z nią / nią (with/by her), z nim / nim (with/by it), z nami /nami (with/by us), z wami / wami (with/by you), z nimi / nimi (with/by them),Miejscownik o kim?, o czym? (Locative about whom?, about what?): o mnie (about me), o tobie (about you), o nim (about him), o niej (about her), o nim (about it), o nas (about us), o was (about you), o nich (about them),Wołacz O! (Vocative O!): ja! (i!), ty! (you!), on! (he!), ona! (she!), ono! (it!), my! (we!), wy! (you!), oni! (they!)(Note: English does not have a distinct vocative case like Polish.)Possessive adjectiveIn the Polish language, the possessive adjective for all persons forms the plural and declines through cases, while in English, its number and case are determined by the noun it precedes, for example:To jest mój samochód. - This is my car.To są moje samochody. - These are my cars.Mam problem z moim samochodem. - I have a problem with my car.Wczoraj miałem problemy z moimi samochodami. - Yesterday, I had some problems with my cars.In the Polish language, for all persons in both singular and plural, there is a universal word 'się / sobie,' while in English, it is replaced by a reflexive pronoun appropriate to the person and number, for example:Mam problem ze swoim samochodem. - I have a problem with my car.On opowiedział mi o swoich samochodach. - He told me about his cars.myself - ja się, ja sobieyourself - ty się, ty sobiehimself - on się, on sobieherself - ona się, ona sobieitself - ono się, ono sobieourselves - my się, my sobieourselfves - wy się, wy sobiethemselves - oni się, oni sobieSkaleczyłem się. - I cut myself.Ogoliłem się. - I have shaved. - I usually do it, I have shaved myself. - I usually don't do it Oni żałują siebie. - They are sorry for themselves.On lubi mówić o sobie. - He likes talking about himself.Nouns and adjectives in English are the subject of separate courses.Section 7 contains the key to all the Control Tests of this course, so you can track your progress in learning.Speech Parts in Polish - Section Index:1. Personal Pronoun - differences between Polish and English 2.Inflected Pronoun - the differences between Polish and English 3.Possessive Adjective - the differences between Polish and English 4.Possessive Pronoun - the differences between Polish and English5. Demonstrative Pronoun - the differences between Polish and English 6. Reflexive Pronoun / Emphatic Pronoun - the differences between Polish and English7. Key to the Test Control
