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This course is one of the 'Polish almost without Secrets' series. The entire series is dedicated to the practical aspects of using various types of verbs, other parts of speech, and grammatical tenses in the Polish language.This particular course covers nouns in Polish.This course does not cover all the detailed issues related to the use of nouns in the Polish language, but completing it already allows for fluent use of Polish nouns in most practical situations.Declension of the Masculine Personal Noun by Cases in the Singular NumberMasculine personal nouns such as: chłopak (a boy), actor (an actor), kot (a cat), and poeta (a poet) are declined through cases in the following way.Mianownik: kto? (Nominative: who?): chłopak (a boy), actor (an actor), kot (a cat), poeta (a poet),Dopełniacz: kogo? (Genitive: whose?, or of whom?): chłopaka (of a boy), aktora (of an actor), kota (of a cat), poety (of a poet)Celownik: komu? (Dative: to whom? / for whom?): chłopakowi (to a boy) / dla chłopaka (a boy), aktorowi (to an actor), dla aktora (for an actor), kotu (to a cat), dla kota (for a cat), poecie (to a poet), dla poety (for a poet),Biernik: kogo? (Accusative: whom?, what?): chłopak (a boy), aktora (an actor), kota (a cat), poety (an poet),Narzędnik: z kim / kim? (Instrumental: with whom? / by whom?): z chłopakiem (with a boy) / chłopakiem (by a boy), z aktorem (with an actor) / aktorem (by an actor), z kotem (with a cat) / kotem (by a cat), z poetą (with a poet) / poetą (by a poet),Miejscownik: o kim? (Locative: about whom?): o chłopaku (about a boy), o aktorze (about an actor), o kocie (about a cat), (o poecie (about a poet)),Wołacz O! (Vocative O!): O, chłopak! (Oh, a boy!), O, aktor! (Oh, an actor!), O, kot! (Oh, a cat!), O, poeta! (Oh, an poet!)(Note: English does not have a distinct vocative case like Polish.)Ten chłopak jest bardzo zadowolony. - This boy is very satisfied.To jest porter tego chłopaka. - This portrait is of this boy.Oni dali to temu chłopakowi. - They gave it to this boy.Oni dali to dla tego chłopaka. - They gave it for this boy.Nie widziałem tego chłopaka wtedy. - I couldn't see this boy then.Będziemy mieli z tym chłopakiem problemy. - We will have some problems with this boy.Oni chcą żeby to było zrobione przez tego chłopaka. - They want it to be done by this boy.Oni nie chcą rozmawiać o tym chłopaku. - They don't want to talk about this boy.In the Polish language, the possessive adjective for all persons forms the plural and declines through cases, while in English, its number and case are determined by the noun it precedes, for example:Diminutives of Nouns in the Polish LanguageIn the Polish language, diminutives are used to express smallness, affection, delicacy, or youth; to give words a more sympathetic or delicate character.They are formed using a suffix, for example: -ek, -ka, -ko, -yk, -ik, e.g.: kwiatek (a little flower), dziewczynka (a little girl), drzewko (a little tree), chłopczyk (a little boy), stawik (a little pond), e.g.:Po tym spotkaniu został jej tylko kwiatek. - After that meeting, only a flower remained for her.Dlaczego ta dziewczynka jest tak smutna? - Why is that little girl so sad?Zasadził pod oknem małe drzewko. - He planted a small tree beneath the window.Section 5 contains the key to all the Control Tests of this course, so you can track your progress in learning.You can find complete noun characterization and its declension through cases in the following sections:Section 1 Types of Nouns and GenderSection 2 Derived NounsSection 3 Declension of the Noun by Cases in the Singular NumberSection 4 Declension of the Noun by Cases in the Plural Number

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