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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/hydrogen/
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本课程名为“氢” (Hydrogen)。 **课程概述：** 氢是元素中最轻的，其原子结构也是最简单的。虽然氢与碱金属和卤素在某些性质上有所相似，但它在元素周期表中占据着独特的位置，不完全属于任何一个特定族。由于其独特的性质，氢有时被称为“流氓元素”。它通常位于元素周期表左侧，碱金属（第1族）的上部，但与其分离，以示其独特性。 氢在宇宙中是最丰富的元素，绝大多数恒星主要由氢构成。 自然界中的氢有三种同位素： 1. **氕 (Protium)：** 核心有一个质子，核外有一个电子。它非常稳定，无放射性，占氢气总量的99.85%。 2. **氘 (Deuterium)：** 核心有一个质子和一个中子，核外有一个电子。它也稳定，无放射性，占氢气总量的0.015%，也被称为重氢。 3. **氚 (Tritium)：** 核心有一个质子和两个中子，核外有一个电子。它不稳定且具有放射性，含量极少，仅占氢气的 10-17 份。 这三种同位素的原子性质表明它们可用于同位素研究、放射性示踪研究和核磁共振波谱学。
Hydrogen is the lightest element and its atom has the simplest structure among atoms of all elements.Resemblance with Alkali Metals.Resemblance with Halogens.Unique Position of Hydrogen in Periodic Table. Hydrogen can be placed in group 1 along with alkali metals. It can also be placed along with halogens in group 17 because many of its properties are common with those of halogens.Hydrogen has dual nature but it does not completely resemble with either alkali metals or halogens. Due to its distinct properties, hydrogen is sometimes referred to as 'rogue element'. It isallotted a special position in the periodic table and is not associated with any particular group. It isusually shown on the left side of the periodic table on the top of the alkali elements (group 1), butseparated from them to indicate its distinctive character.Occurrence of Hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. Spectral analysis of light emitted by stars indicates that most of them are predominantly hydrogen.Isotopes of Hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has three isotopes: protium, deuterium and tritium.(i) Protium has 1 proton in the nucleus and 1 electron in the extra - nuclear part. It is highly stableand non-radioactive. It constitutes 99.85% of hydrogen gas.(ii) Deuterium has one proton and one neutron in the nucleus and one electron in the extranuclear part. It is also stable and non-radioactive. Deuterium is also called heavy hydrogen and constitutes 0.015% of hydrogen gas(iii) Tritium has one proton and two neutrons in the nucleus and one electron in the extranuclear part. It is unstable and radioactive in nature. Tritium occurs in traces and constitutes 1 part in 1017 of the hydrogen gas. The atomic properties of the three isotopes indicate that they can be used in isotope studies, radioactive tracer studies and NMR spectroscopy.
