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Before the nineteenth century, only a few elements were known. These elements could be easily studied individually.With the passage of time, many more elements were discovered. More and more of their compounds were prepared. Study of these elements and compounds individually became more difficult. So, it was felt that these elements should be classified into a few groups to make their study systematic and easier. It is expected that a systematic classification will help us in• organising the knowledge,• predicting new elements for undertaking further studies.One of the earliest attempts towards the classification of elements was to divide these into metals, and non-metals.This method of classification failed because most of the elements fell into the category of metals, whereas only a few elements could be grouped as non-metals.There were also a few elements which showed the properties of both metals andnon-metals.Since then, many attempts were made by various scientists to classify elementsin a more systematic way. A few important attempts for the classification ofelements are described over here. There are more than one hundred chemical elements known today. It is very difficult to study the properties of each element individually, sothese elements were classified on the basis of their similarities in properties. In this course, we shall discuss the historical development of Mendeleev's periodic table, modern periodic law and the electronic configuration of atoms as the basis for periodicclassification, the characteristics of s, p, d, f block elements and the periodicityin physical and chemical properties of the elements.

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