|
所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/genetics-e/
课程评论：没有评论
**课程名称：** 遗传学：所有与遗传学相关的科学 **课程概述：** 本课程深入浅出地介绍了遗传学的核心概念。遗传学是研究基因和遗传的科学，即某些特征如何通过DNA序列的变化从父母传递给后代。基因是DNA片段，包含构建生物体所需分子的指令。DNA呈双螺旋结构，由碱基（腺嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、鸟嘌呤和胞嘧啶）配对组成序列，这些序列指导蛋白质等分子的合成。人类约有20,000个基因，而基因组则包含所有遗传物质及其调控元素，大部分存在于细胞核中。人类基因组基本相同，但存在个体差异。 **遗传的机制：** DNA，包括所有基因，储存在染色体中。染色体是DNA被蛋白质紧密缠绕而成的结构，以便容纳在细胞核内。人类细胞通常有23对染色体，每对染色体含有相同的基因，但可能携带不同版本的基因，因为我们从父母双方各继承一条。生殖细胞（卵子和精子）在形成过程中，随机选择每对染色体中的一条，从而使受精卵能拥有发育所需的23对染色体。
Genetics is the scientific study of genes and heredity-of how certain qualities or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence. A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for building one or more molecules that help the body work. DNA is shaped like a corkscrew-twisted ladder, called a double helix. The two ladder rails are called backbones, and the rungs are pairs of four building blocks (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) called bases. The sequences of these bases provide the instructions for building molecules, most of which are proteins. Researchers estimate that humans have about 20,000 genes.All of an organism's genetic material, including its genes and other elements that control the activity of those genes, is its genome. An organism's entire genome is found in nearly all of its cells. In human, plant, and animal cells, the genome is housed in a structure called the nucleus. The human genome is mostly the same in all people with just small variations. How are genes inherited?Our DNA, including all of our genes, is stored in chromosomes, structures where proteins wind up DNA tightly so that it fits in the nucleus. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes in our cells. The two chromosomes in each pair contain the same genes, but they may have different versions of those genes because we inherit one chromosome in each pair from our mother and the other from our father. Reproductive cells-eggs and sperm-randomly receive one chromosome from each of the 23 sets instead of both so that a fertilized egg will contain the 23 pairs needed for typical development.
