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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/forensic-toxicology/
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课程名称：法医学与毒理学 课程概述：毒理学是研究毒素的科学，毒素是对身体有害或有毒的物质，可能是自然产生的或人工合成的，能够对身体造成伤害、残疾甚至死亡。根据《毒理学百科全书》，毒理学历史悠久，简而言之被称为“毒物科学”，即任何在特定剂量下能够导致有害后果的物质，可以是意外使用或故意施加给生物体的。 今天，毒理学被定义为“研究化学或物理因子与生物体相互作用所导致的所有不良影响的学科。”毒理学是一门多学科的科学，借鉴了多个领域的数据和知识，包括医学、流行病学、药学，甚至某些工程领域。毒理学研究包括检测、识别和量化人类接触化学物质（如烟雾、食物和工作环境）的危害、环境中毒理物质（如空气、水和土壤）的公共健康方面，以及新药品的测试。毒理学家还参与制定旨在保护环境和人体健康的标准与法规，以防止化学毒物的有害影响。 通过人类监测研究，毒理学为医学和流行病学提供了重要信息，帮助更好地理解疾病的病因，例如癌症，以及疾病发展与暴露于危害因素之间的因果关系的可能性。现代毒理学不仅研究不良影响，还利用毒性物质作为分子生物学研究的工具，探索分子和基因水平上发生的事件。总体而言，毒理学涵盖了毒物的检测、发生、性质、影响和管理等方面。很少有科学学科能够在科学生产与直接公共应用之间取得完美平衡，毒理学在这方面或许是独一无二的。
Toxicology is the study of toxins. Toxins are substances that are toxic or harmful to the body. Toxins may be natural or artificial and they can harm the body and cause disablement or/and death. According to the 'Encyclopedia of Toxicology', "Ancient in practice, toxicology came to be known simplistically as the ‘science of poisons,' a poison being any substance that, at a given dose, is capable of causing a harmful outcome when administered, either by accident or by intention, to a living being.'Today toxicology can be defined as "the study of all the adverse effects resulting from the interaction of chemicals or physical agents with living organisms."'Toxicology is a multidisciplinary science that has grown and expanded by borrowing data from several different areas. It comprises knowledge and methods from basic sciences such as medicine, epidemiology, pharmacy, and even some engineering areas.'Toxicological studies include the detection, identification, and quantification of hazards ensuing from human exposure to chemicals (smoke, food, and workplace), public health aspects of toxic agents in the environment (air, water, and soil), and testing of novel pharmaceutical products.'Toxicologists are further involved in the development of standards and regulations designed to protect the environment and human health from the deleterious effects of chemical toxicants.'With human monitoring studies, toxicology provides important information to both medicine and epidemiology. It contributes to a better understanding of disease etiology, such as that of cancer, and the plausibility of the causal association between disease development and exposure to hazard agents.'Modern toxicology goes beyond the investigation of adverse effects to use toxic agents as tools in molecular biology studies to explore events occurring at molecular and gene cell levels.'Overall, it encompasses the detection, occurrence, properties, effects, and regulation of toxicants. Not many scientific disciplines are able to achieve the perfect balance between production of science and direct public applications, toxicology may be unique in this regard."
