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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/fire-fighting-system-design-basics/
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**课程摘要：消防系统设计基础** 本课程介绍了消防系统的基本组成部分及其在保护生命财产安全中的重要作用。消防系统主要包含三个核心部分： 1. **消防水池 (Fire Storage Tanks):** 提供大量水源，可设于地下或建筑顶部。 2. **专用泵系统 (Specialised Pumping System):** 负责将水加压并输送至各消防设备。 3. **管道网络 (Network of Pipes):** 终端为消防栓（Hydrants/Standpipes）或喷淋头（Sprinklers）。 **消防栓 (Fire Hydrant/Standpipe):** 这是一种带有出水口的垂直钢管，附近存放着消防水带。在火灾发生时，消防员连接水带并手动开启消防栓，水会以强大压力喷出。水流的强大甚至可能将操作者冲倒，因此需要正确站立。当消防栓被打开，系统压力下降，会触发消防泵启动，以极高的流量输送水源。 **自动喷淋系统 (Sprinklers):** 喷淋头是连接到管道网络的喷嘴，安装在房间天花板下方。每个喷淋头内有一个装有液体的玻璃泡，液体受热膨胀会使玻璃泡破裂，释放水流，从而自动灭火。 **消防栓与喷淋系统的主要区别:** 喷淋系统能够自动感应火灾并启动，通常在火灾初期即发挥作用，有效控制火势蔓延。而消防栓需要消防员手动操作，非专业人士无法使用。研究表明，在1980年代中期，装有喷淋系统的酒店的火灾财产损失比未安装的酒店减少了78%。 本课程强调了消防系统在早期火灾控制和减小火灾损失方面的重要性。
A fire fighting system is probably the most important of the building services, as its aim is to protect human life and property, strictly in that order. It consists of three basic parts:a large store of water in tanks, either underground or on top of the building, called fire storage tanksa specialised pumping system,a large network of pipes ending in either hydrants or sprinklers (nearly all buildings require both of these systems)A fire hydrant is a vertical steel pipe with an outlet, close to which two fire hoses are stored (A fire hydrant is called a standpipe in America). During a fire, firefighters will go to the outlet, break open the hoses, attach one to the outlet, and manually open it so that water rushes out of the nozzle of the hose. The quantity and speed of the water is so great that it can knock over the firefighter holding the hose if he is not standing in the correct way. As soon as the fire fighter opens the hydrant, water will gush out, and sensors will detect a drop in pressure in the system. This drop in pressure will trigger the fire pumps to turn on and start pumping water at a tremendous flowrate.A sprinkler is a nozzle attached to a network of pipes, and installed just below the ceiling of a room. Every sprinkler has a small glass bulb with a liquid in it. This bulb normally blocks the flow of water. In a fire, the liquid in the bulb will become hot. It will then expand, and shatter the glass bulb, removing the obstacle and causing water to spray from the sprinkler. The main difference between a hydrant and a sprinkler is that a sprinkler will come on automatically in a fire. A fire hydrant has to be operated manually by trained firefighters - it cannot be operated by laymen. A sprinkler will usually be activated very quickly in a fire - possibly before the fire station has been informed of the fire - and therefore is very effective at putting out a fire in the early stages, before it grows into a large fire. For this reason, a sprinkler system is considered very good at putting out fires before they spread and become unmanageable. According to the NFPA of America, hotels with sprinklers suffered 78% less property damage from fire than hotels without in a study in the mid-1980s.
