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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/essentials-of-renaissance-architecture/
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课程名称：文艺复兴建筑要素 概述：本课程探讨了文艺复兴时期意大利建筑的发展，重点关注从十五世纪末到十六世纪中叶佛罗伦萨和威尼斯的贡献。我们将研究古希腊罗马古典文化在建筑理论和形式上的复兴，以及这一复兴如何导致西欧建筑外观的全新转变。古典艺术和哲学的复兴在文艺复兴时期的绘画、雕塑和当代建筑中得以展现。这些新建筑与之前的罗曼式或哥特式风格截然不同，改变了意大利及其他地区富有权势赞助人的教堂和宫殿的建筑风格，反映了此时期的审美和建筑环境的变迁。意大利文艺复兴建筑的许多成就都是前所未有的，甚至超越了哥特式中世纪建筑的伟大成就，其中最著名的例子是佛罗伦萨大教堂的圆顶，它成为自罗马万神殿以来最大的一座圆顶！意大利的文艺复兴建筑，无论是教堂还是宫殿，重新复苏了十五世纪二维艺术作品中逐渐浮现的许多潜在理念。这一过程的延迟可能与实现这些伟大建筑对劳动和费用的巨大差异有关。我们首次看到古希腊罗马神庙在基督教建筑中的重要体现，呈现出不同程度的忠实与原创成分。在精英住宅建筑中，古典建筑的某些惯例被重新诠释，如中央开放庭院和外立面的多样注册，这些都经过佛罗伦萨传统石材工艺的再诠释。在威尼托乡村，我们则发现古典神庙的建筑语言被用来提升别墅的概念，使其升华至崇高的境界。这种古典元素的融入加上文艺复兴时期对新颖结合的勇于尝试，导致了全新的建筑形式和理论的激增，从而影响了后续几个世纪的西欧建筑历史。
This course looks at the development of Renaissance Architecture in Italy, primarily through the lens of Florentine and Venetian contributions from the late-fifteenth through mid-sixteenth centuries. We will explore the revival of Greco-Roman antiquity in building theory and forms and how this led to an entirely new appearance of architecture in Western Europe. The revival of Greco-Roman art and philosophy manifested itself in the painting, sculpture, and contemporary architecture of the Renaissance. These new buildings were imagined in an entirely different key from the Romanesque or Gothic styles which had come before, and they would transform the subsequent appearance of a variety of architectural forms of Western Europe thereafter: not only the church, but also the palaces of the most wealthy and powerful patrons in Italy and beyond reflected this shift in taste and built environments. Many of the accomplishments of the Italian Renaissance in architecture were "firsts" which had no parallel in even the feats of Gothic Medieval building; the most well-known example of this triumph of the revival of antiquity is the dome of the Florence Cathedral, which became the largest dome built since the Pantheon in Rome! Renaissance architecture in Italy, whether as churches or palaces, resurrected many of the latent ideas which had begun to surface in two-dimensional artworks of the fifteenth century. The lag time might be attributed to the considerable differential in labor and expenses in order to realize the monumental counterparts to the artists' dreams of a revived Classical cityscape. We see the Greco-Roman temple figuring prominently in the architecture of Christian churches for the first time, to varying degrees of fidelity to their original components and compositions. In elite domestic architecture, we see a return to selected conventions of antiquity- the central open courtyard and the variegated registers of the exterior façade- reinterpreted through the lens of Florence's weighty tradition of stone masonry. In the countryside of the Veneto, we find instead the architectural language of the antique temple being used to elevate the idea of the villa to the rarefied stratosphere of the sublime. Not only the infusion of Classical elements but the Renaissance willingness to combine them in novel invenzioni resulted in the explosion of new architectural forms and theories which proliferate in the architectural history of Western Europe for centuries to come.
