|
所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/environmental-chemistry/
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：污染：人类的危害 概述：在过去的20年中，与环境相关的现象的研究变得极为重要。环境污染已成为全球关注的一个主要问题。环境化学是研究环境中各种化学现象的学科，它是一个必不可少的学科，涉及对某些化学物质在空气、水和固体中源、运输、反应、影响及命运的研究。环境污染可以被描述为由于人类活动产生的有害废物导致环境的污染。这些活动释放出某些物质，从而在大气、水体和土壤中产生污染。环境污染可以由化学制剂（气体、农药、颗粒物）、物理制剂（热、噪音、辐射）或生物制剂（微生物）引起。污染对生物及非生物材料产生不利影响，污染的影响呈现出迅速上升的趋势，如果不加以控制，将对人类的生存及栖息地构成严重威胁。 污染物的定义：污染物是指由自然源或人类活动产生的任何物质或物种，对环境产生不利影响。 空气污染的控制：空气污染可以在源头或污染物扩散阶段进行控制。虽然源头控制空气污染的问题并不容易，但通过采取适当的原材料使用、选择工业单位的适当位置以及使用现代技术有效减少排放和废水等措施，可以在一定程度上减少污染。控制一氧化碳（CO）污染的措施包括：（a）使用抗污染排气催化剂；（b）对内燃机进行改进和优化；（c）使用其他能源，如压缩天然气（CNG）、液化石油气（LPG）和液化天然气（LHG）。
In last 2 decades, the study of the phenomena related to the environment has gained enormous importance. Environmental pollution has becomes one of the most important issue of global concern. The branch of chemistry which deals with the study of various chemical phenomena occurring in the environment is called environmental chemistry. It is a must disciplinary science which, refer to the study of sources transport, reactions, effect & fate of certain chemical species on air, water & solid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONEnvironmental pollution may be described as the contamination of the environment with harmful wastes arising mainly from human activities. These activities release certain materials which produce pollution in the atmosphere, water & soil. The environmental pollution can be caused by Chemical agents (gases, pesticides, particulates) Physical agents (heat, noise, radiation) or Biological agents (micro - organisms) Pollution produces adverse effect on living as well as on non living materials. The effect of pollution are increasing at an alarming rate & if the same are not checked & controlled, they will pose a serious threat to human existence & habitat common terms to understand Problems of pollution arePollutantAny substance or species produced either by a natural source or by human activity, which produces adverse effect on the environment is called pollutant.CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTIONAir pollution can be checked either at source or at the dispersal stage of various pollutants. Although the Prob. of controlling air pollution at source is not easy, yet it can be reduced to some extent by taking steps such as, Use of appropriate raw materials, selection of proper sites for industrial units & use of modern techniques for efficient reduction of emission & effluents. Different methods for the control of various air pollutants are as follows:Control of COSome of the measures which can be adopted for control of CO pollution are:(a) Use of anti pollution exhaust catalyst.(b) Modification & improvement in internal combustion engine.(c) Use of other fuels such as CNG, LPG & LHG.
