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You will be tested against these topics:Radio Frequency Technologies Basic characteristics of RF and RF behavior Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, phase, sine waves RF propagation and coverage Reflection, refraction, diffraction and scattering Multipath and RF interference Gain and loss Amplification Attenuation Absorption Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) Return Loss Free Space Path Loss (FSPL)Apply the basic concepts of RF mathematics and measurement Watt and milliwatt Decibel (dB) dBm and dBi Noise floor SNR RSSI dBm to mW conversion rules of 10 and 3 Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP)Identify RF signal characteristics as they relate to antennas.RF and physical line of sight and Fresnel zone clearance Beamwidths Passive gain Polarization Antenna diversity types Radio chains Spatial multiplexing (SM) Transmit Beamforming (TxBF) Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) MIMO Explain and apply the functionality of RF antennas, antenna systems, and accessories Omni-directional antennas Semi-directional antennas Highly directional antennas Reading Azimuth and Elevation charts for different antenna types Antenna orientation RF cables and connectors Lightning arrestors and grounding rods/wires WLAN Regulations and Standards - 20%Explain the roles of WLAN and networking industry organizations IEEE Wi-Fi Alliance IETF Regulatory domains and agencies DSSS - 802.11 HR-DSSS - 802.11b OFDM - 802.11a ERP - 802.11g Wi-Fi 4 - HT - 802.11n Wi-Fi 5 - VHT - 802.11ac Wi-Fi 6 - HE - 802.11axUnderstand spread spectrum technologies, Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) DSSS OFDM OFDMA and Resource Units BPSK QPSK QAM (16, 64, 256,1024) Identify and apply 802.11 WLAN functional concepts Primary channels Adjacent overlapping and non-overlapping channels Throughput vs. data rate Bandwidth Guard Interval Describe the OSI model layers affected by the 802.11-2016 standard and amendments Identify and comply with regulatory domain requirements and constraints (specifically Frequency bands used by the 802.11 PHYs Available channels Regulatory power constraints Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Transmit Power Control (TPC) Explain basic use case scenarios for 802.11 wireless networks Wireless LAN (WLAN) - BSS and ESS Wireless bridging Wireless Ad-Hoc (IBSS) Wireless Mesh WLAN Protocols and Devices - 20%describe the components and functions that make up an 802.11 wireless service set Stations (STAs) Basic Service Set (BSS) (Infrastructure mode) SSID BSSID Extended Service Set (ESS) IBSS (Ad-Hoc) Distribution System (DS) Distribution System Media (DSM)Define terminology related to the 802.11 MAC and PHY MSDU, MPDU, PSDU, and PPDU A-MSDU and A-MPDU PHY preamble and headerIdentify and explain the MAC frame format MAC frame format MAC addressingIdentify and explain the purpose of the three main 802.11 frame types Management Control DataExplain the process used to locate and connect to a WLAN Scanning (active and passive) Authentication Association Open System Authentication and Shared Key authentication Connecting to 802.1X/EAP and Pre-Shared Key authentication networks BSS selection Connecting to hidden SSIDsExplain 802.11 channel access methods DCF EDCA RTS/CTS CTS-to-Self NAV Interframe spaces (SIFS, DIFS, EIFS, AIFS) Physical carrier sense and virtual carrier sense Hidden nodeExplain 802.11 MAC operations Roaming Power save modes and frame buffering Protection mechanismsDescribe features of, select, and install WLAN devices, control, and management Access Points (APs)WLAN controllers Wireless network management systems Wireless bridge and mesh APs Client devicesWLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts- 15% Describe and implement Power over Ethernet (PoE) 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt Power Source Equipment Powered Device Midspan and endpoint PSEs Power classes to include power differences between PSE and PD Power budgets and powered port densityDefine and describe differences, advantages and constraints of the different wirelesSCentralized data forwardingDistributed data forwardingControl, Management and Data planes Scalability and availability solutions Tunneling, QoS and VLANsDescribe design considerations for common deployment scenarios in wireless such as coverage requirements, roaming considerations, throughput, capacity and security Design considerations for data Design considerations for voice Design considerations for video Design considerations for location services including Real-Time Location Design considerations for highly mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smartphones) Capacity planning for high and very high-density environments Design considerations for guest access/BYOD Design considerations for supporting legacy 802.11 devicesDemonstrate awareness of common proprietary features in wireless networks. AirTime Fairness Band steering Dynamic power and channel management featuresDetermine and configure required network services supporting the wireless network DHCP for client addressing, AP addressing and/or controller discovery DNS for address resolution for clients and APs Time synchronization protocols (e.g. NTP, SNTP) VLANs for segmentation Authentication services (e.g. RADIUS, LDAP) Access Control Lists for segmentation Wired network capacity requirementsWLAN Network Security - 10%Identify weak security options that should not be used in enterprise WLANs WEP Shared Key authentication SSID hiding as a security mechanism MAC filtering Use of deprecated security methods (e.g. WPA and/or WPA2 with TKIP) Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)Identify and configure effective security mechanisms for enterprise WLANs Application of AES with CCMP for encryption and integrity WPA2-Personal including limitations and best practices for pre-shared (PSK) use WPA2-Enterprise -configuring wireless networks to use 802.1XUnderstand basic concepts of WPA3 and Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) andenhancements compared to WPA2 Understand basic security enhancements in WPA3 vs. WPA2 Understand basic security enhancements of encryption and integrity in WPA3(e.g. CCMP, GCMP, AES) Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) in WPA3 as an enhancement forlegacy pre-shared key technology Understand the purpose of Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) for publicand guest networksDescribe common security options and tools used in wireless networks Access control solutions (e.g. captive portals, NAC, BYOD) Protected management frames Fast Secure Roaming methods Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) and/or rogue AP detection Protocol and spectrum analyzers Best practices in secure management protocols (e.g. encrypted managementHTTPS, SNMPv3, SSH2, VPN and password management)RF Validation - 10%Verify and document that design requirements are met including coverage, throughput,roaming, and connectivity with a post-implementation validation surveyLocate and identify sources of RF interference Identify RF disruption from 802.11 wireless devices including contention vs.interference and causes/sources of both including co-channel contention (CCC),overlapping channels, and 802.11 wireless device proximity Identify sources of RF interference from non-802.11 wireless devices based on theinvestigation of airtime and frequency utilization Understand interference mitigation options including removal of interferencesource or change of wireless channel usagePerform application testing to validate WLAN performance Network and service availability VoIP testing Real-time application testing Throughput testingUnderstand and use the basic features of validation tools Use of throughput testers for validation tasks Use of wireless validation software (specifically survey software and wirelessscanners) Use of protocol analyzers for validation tasks Use of spectrum analyzers for validation tasksWLAN Troubleshooting - 10%Describe and apply common troubleshooting tools used in WLANs Use of protocol analyzers for troubleshooting tasks Use of spectrum analyzers for identifying sources of interference Use of management, monitoring and logging systems for troubleshooting tasks Use of wireless LAN scanners for troubleshooting tasksIdentify and troubleshoot common wireless issues Identify causes of insufficient throughput in the wireless distribution systemsincluding LAN port speed/duplex misconfigurations, insufficient PoE budget,and insufficient Internet or WAN bandwidth Identify and solve RF interference using spectrum analyzers Identify wireless performance issues using SNR, retransmissions, and airtimeutilization statistics Identify causes of wireless issues related to network services including DHCP,DNS, and time protocols including using native interface and IP configurationtools (e.g. pings, DNS lookups, interface configuration) Identify wireless issues related to security configuration mismatches

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