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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/confucius-analects/
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课程名称：孔子的《论语》 课程概述：欢迎参加本课程，研究中国历史上最重要的教育者——孔子及其《论语》。课程将重点学习《论语》中61个精选章节，这是孔子最重要的著作。研究儒家思想对于理解中国文化及其历史演变的社会至关重要，因此不要错过这门课程。在学习过程中，请在介绍章节中打印出《论语》文本的PDF，并在接下来的视频讲座中学习精选章节（由于视频中没有文本字幕）。每节课我将逐字解释经典中文文本的含义，首先用英语，然后用现代中文（不用担心！现代中文与经典中文相去不远，经典中文中的单音节词往往在现代中文中转变为双音节词），最后将向您解释这些文本的哲学内涵，常常与其他中国哲学流派进行比较。最后，我会引导您阅读文本两遍，以便您能够背诵和记忆。儒家思想在塑造中国政府、社会和文化，甚至人们的日常行为规范方面有着重要的地位，这些文本几乎具有谚语的可记性和引用性。 孔子生活在春秋时期，《论语》是他与各种弟子的对话集。在汉朝和唐朝时期，儒家思想得到了广泛的重视。孔子的著作于公元前140年被制定为官方帝国哲学，并成为科举考试的必读书目，这一传统一直持续到19世纪末。科举考试是在中国几千年来选拔士大夫的重要渠道。在共产主义统治下经历了短暂的压制后，儒学的研究在全国乃至世界范围内复兴，世界各地建立了数千所孔子学院，成为当代汉语言和文化学习的缩影。 儒家思想的核心价值包括仁、义和礼。孔子的道德教导强调自我修养和学习道德楷模，而不是明确的规则。仁是完美履行对他人责任的美德，常译为“仁爱”或“人性”。孔子曾解释为“克己复礼以为仁”，即克制自身欲望以遵循礼节。义可以翻译为正义，意味着在生活中要遵循有助于公共利益的道路。“见利思义，见危授命”，即在看到利益时要记住正义，在遇到危险时要勇于为崇高的事业献身。礼则基于三个重要方面：与祭祖和神灵相关的仪式，社会与政治制度，以及日常行为的礼仪。孔子强调，通过历史上圣贤领导者的行为来发展礼。 孔子自称为“传承者，不做造者”，最强调的是学习的重要性。因为“人之初，性本善”，即人性本善，但后来的学习和影响使人们的表现有所不同。他也说过：“三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲不逾矩。”孔子的政治思想建立在伦理思想之上，他认为，最好的政府是通过仪式和人民的道德感来统治，而不是通过强制和命令。儒家思想是塑造中国政府、社会、文化及士大夫和普通人道德规范的重要哲学，数千年来影响深远，至今在中国和世界各地仍然活跃。儒家语言优美简练，许多表达已成为社会各阶层频繁引用的成语和谚语。学习这门课程将带您进入中国文化的门户，提升您的中文能力，使中文更加优雅，从而使您能够在文化上与中国人进行交流。
Welcome to the course studying the most important educator in Chinese history--Confucius and his Analects. This course studies 61 selected chapters from Analects-- the most important work of Confucius. Study of Confucianism is quintessential for understanding Chinese culture and Chinese society shaped by it through centuries. So don't miss the course. In learning the course, print out the PDF of Analects text in the introduction chapter, and with it in hand, study the selected chapters in the following lectures (because there is no subtitle of the text in the video). For each lecture, I will explain word by word the meaning of the classical Chinese text, first in English, then in modern Chinese (Don't worry! modern Chinese is not so far from classical Chinese, it is very often simply that monosyllabic word in classical Chinese turn into bi-syllabic phrase in modern Chinese), and then I will explain to you the philosophical implication of these texts, often comparing it with other schools of Chinese philosophies. Finally I will lead you to read the text twice so that you can recite and memorize them. Indeed, such canonical status has Confucianism arrived in shaping Chinese government, society and culture, and even people's daily behavior codes and talk, that the texts have almost proverbial memorability and quotability. Confucius lived in the time of Spring and Autumn Period. Analects is the collection of his talk with various disciples. Under the succeeding of Han and Tang Dynasty, Confucian ideas gained widespread prominence. The works of Confucius were made the official imperial philosophy and required reading for civic service examination in 140 BC which was continued nearly unbroken until the end of 19th century. Civic service exam is the major channel of selecting scholar-officials through thousands of years in China. After brief suppression under Communist rule, Confucian study was resurrected nation-wide as well as world-wide. Thousands of Confucius Institutes were established all over the world as epitome of Chinese language and cultural study in contemporary world. The central value in Confucianism are benevolence, righteousness and ritual. His moral teachings emphasized self-cultivation and emulation of moral exemplars rather than explicit rules. Ren is the virtue of is the virtue of perfectly fulfilling one's responsibility towards others, often translated as "benevolence" or "humanness." Once Confucius explains it as "克己复礼以为仁" meaning restraining one's desire to follow the ritual. Also, "己所不欲，勿施于人", meaning "Never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself." Yi can be translated as righteousness, suggesting a life based upon following a path designed to enhance the greater good. "见利思义，见危授命。" It means, when you see the profits, remember righteousness, when you encounter danger, do not be afraid of giving your life for noble cause. Li is based on three important aspects: ceremonies associated with sacrifice to ancestors and deities of various types; social and political institutions; the etiquette of daily behavior. Confucius stressed the development of li through the actions of sage leaders in human history. Confucius presents himself as a "transmitter who invented nothing". He puts the greatest emphasis on the importance of study. Because "人之初，性本善"， meaning human natures are innately good, but it is the later study and influence that make people different. He also said: "At fifteen my heart was set on learning; at thirty I stood firm; at forty I had no more doubts; at fifty I knew the mandate of heaven; at sixty my ear was obedient; at seventy I could follow my heart's desire without transgressing the norm." Confucius's political thought is based upon his ethical thought. He argued that the best government is one that rules through rituals and people's natural morality, through education and the king's moral example, and not by coercion and order. Confucianism is the most important Chinese philosophy that shaped Chinese government, society and culture, and the moral codes of scholar-officials and ordinary people through thousands of years, and is active even today in China and in the whole world. Its language is musical and concise, many expressions have become idioms and proverbs that people from all stratum of society frequently quote. Learning this course will lead you into the portal of Chinese culture as well as enhance your Chinese language in the canonical, idiommatical sense as well as make your Chinese language graceful and elegant, and allow you to communicate with Chinese culturally as much as linguistically.
