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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/co-ordination-compounds-organic-chemistry/
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课程名称：配位化合物 - 无机化学 概述：配位化合物的化学是现代无机化学中一个重要且具有挑战性的领域。在过去五十年中，该领域的进展为新的键合和分子结构概念的发展以及化学工业的重大突破提供了基础，同时对生物系统关键组成部分的功能也提供了重要的见解。A. Werner首次系统地尝试解释配位化合物的形成、反应、结构和键合。他的理论提出金属原子/离子在配位化合物中使用两种类型的连接（主要和次要）。在现代化学术语中，这些连接被分别视为可离子化（离子）和不可离子化（共价）键。利用异构体的特性，Werner预测了大量配位体的几何形状。价键理论（VBT）相对成功地解释了配位化合物的形成、磁性行为和几何形状，但未能提供对磁性行为的定量解释，并且对这些化合物的光学性质没有任何说明。晶体场理论（CFT）基于不同晶体场（由点负荷视为配体提供）对中心金属原子/离子的d轨道能量简并性的影响。d轨道的分裂在强和弱晶体场中提供不同的电子排布。该理论为轨道分离能、磁矩、光谱和稳定性参数的定量估计提供了依据。然而，假设配体构成点荷的问题带来了许多理论上的困难。金属羰基中的金属-碳键既具有σ特性，也具有π特性。配体与金属之间是σ键，金属与配体之间是π键。这种独特的协同键合为金属羰基提供了稳定性。配位化合物的重要性不容忽视，它们为理解生物系统中重要组成部分的功能和结构提供了关键见解，并广泛应用于冶金过程、分析化学和药物化学。
SUMMARYThe chemistry of coordination compounds is an important and challenging area of modern inorganic chemistry. During the last fifty years, advances in this area, have provided development of new concepts and models of bonding and molecular structure, novel breakthroughs in chemical industry and vital insights into the functioning of critical components of biological systems.The first systematic attempt at explaining the formation, reactions, structure and bonding of a coordination compound was made by A. Werner. His theory postulated the use of two types of linkages (primary and secondary) by a metal atom/ion in a coordination compound. In the modern language of chemistry these linkages are recognised as the ionisable (ionic) and non-ionisable (covalent) bonds, respectively. Using the property of isomerism, Werner predicted the geometrical shapes of a large number of coordination entities.The Valence Bond Theory (VBT) explains with reasonable success, the formation, magnetic behaviour and geometrical shapes of coordination compounds. It, however, fails to provide a quantitative interpretation of magnetic behaviour and has nothing to say about the optical properties of these compounds.The Crystal Field Theory (CFT) to coordination compounds is based on the effect of different crystal fields (provided by the ligands taken as point charges), on the degeneracy of d orbital energies of the central metal atom/ion. The splitting of the d orbitals provides different electronic arrangements in strong and weak crystal fields. The treatment provides for quantitative estimations of orbital separation energies, magnetic moments and spectral and stability parameters. However, the assumption that ligands consititute point charges creates many theoretical difficulties.The metal-carbon bond in metal carbonyls possesses both σ and π character. The ligand to metal is σ bond and metal to ligand is π bond. This unique synergic bonding provides stability to metal carbonyls.Coordination compounds are of great importance. These compounds provide critical insights into the functioning and structures of vital components of biological systems. Coordination compounds also find extensive applications in metallurgical processes, analytical and medicinal chemistry.
