|
所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/class-i-malocclusion-classification-diagnosis-management/
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：I级错牙合分类、诊断与管理 概述：现代错牙合的定义是指上牙和/或下牙的错位，度量到足以干扰个人正常咬合。牙医通过评估牙齿的大小和形状、闭口时牙齿的位置，以及在某些情况下支持骨骼结构的形态来专业诊断错牙合。正常牙齿排列的特点是上牙略微覆盖或位于下牙的前面，磨牙的点与对侧磨牙的沟槽相对应。最常见的错牙合类型为深咬和反咬。深咬是指6至11号牙（切牙和犬牙）突出来压过下牙，而反咬通常是指21至28号牙（第一双尖牙、犬牙、侧切牙和中央切牙）在咬合时位于上牙的前方。 错牙合的成因：错牙合可能出现在乳牙或恒牙中。儿童在1至3岁时，过度使用安抚奶嘴、吮吸拇指或舌头推送等行为可能导致乳牙及随后恒牙以深咬位置萌出。乳牙的早期脱落、额外牙齿的萌出（超牙症）或牙齿形状异常可能会促进反咬或深咬的形成。I级错牙合与环境因素和遗传易感性相互作用。最新研究表明，1p36和12q23、12q13的染色体位点带有的基因会增加个体出现III级错牙合的风险。 牙槽和骨骼错牙合：牙槽错牙合特指上下牙之间咬合参数的不当，而骨骼错牙合则涉及下颌或上颌骨的形状和/或大小畸形，导致错牙合的出现。如果下颌或上颌的骨支持发育异常，牙齿可能会错位、拥挤或歪斜。骨骼错牙合通常在新生儿中被诊断，并常伴有舌头畸形、唇腭裂或其他骨骼异常。 I级错牙合：当上下牙在咬合时存在重叠（上牙在下牙上方）但咬合正常或近似正常时，患者被诊断为I级错牙合。I级错牙合的亚型包括： - I级，类型I：上下牙倾向于舌头。 - I级，类型II：狭窄的弓形伴随重叠，下牙倾向于舌头。 - I级，类型III：牙齿拥挤，上前牙倾向于舌头。 虽然本课程没有列出具体大纲，但其内容将深入探讨I级错牙合的分类、诊断与管理方法，为牙科专业人士提供实用的知识和技能。
The modern definition of malocclusion refers to a misalignment of the upper and/or lower teeth that is measurable enough to interfere with the person's ability to bite properly. Dentists make a professional diagnosis of malocclusion by assessing the size and shape of teeth, the position of teeth when the mouth is closed, and, in some cases, the architecture of supporting skeletal structures. Normal alignment of teeth involves the upper teeth resting slightly over or in front of the lower teeth, with molar points corresponding with the grooves of oppositional molars.The most common types of malocclusion are overbites and underbites. Overbites occur when teeth 6 through 11 (incisors and canines) jut out and over the bottom teeth. Underbites usually involve teeth 21 through 28 (1st bicuspid, canine, lateral and central incisors) that extend farther in front of the upper teeth when the mouth is biting or closed.Causes of MalocclusionsMalocclusions can occur in baby teeth or permanent teeth. Excessive use of pacifiers, thumb sucking, or tongue thrusting in children from one to three years old may force baby teeth and, eventually, permanent teeth to erupt in overbite positions. Early loss of baby teeth, the eruption of extra teeth (hyperdontia), or having abnormally shaped teeth could promote an underbite or overbite.Class III malocclusions are believed to emerge from the interaction of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. Recent studies indicate that chromosomal loci 1p36 and 12q23, and 12q13 harbor genes increase the risk for Class III malocclusion in individuals carrying these genetic markers.Dentoalveolar and Skeletal MalocclusionDentoalveolar malocclusions specify improper bite parameters between the lower and upper teeth. A dentoalveolar malocclusion also exclusively refers to bite misalignment due to crooked or otherwise incorrectly positioned teeth.Skeletal malocclusions implicate a distorted shape and/or size of the jawbones causing the malocclusion. If the development of the mandibular or maxillary bone support is abnormal, teeth will likely be mispositioned, crowded, or crooked. Skeletal malocclusions are typically diagnosed in neonatal infants and often accompany tongue deformities, cleft palate, or other skeletal abnormalitiesClass I MalocclusionWhen an overlap (upper teeth rest over the lower teeth while biting down) exists but the bite is normal or near-normal, the patient may be diagnosed with a Class I malocclusion. Subtypes of Class I malocclusions include:Class I, Type I: upper and/or lower teeth are angled towards the tongue.Class I, Type II: a narrow arch accompanied by overlap and the lower teeth leaning towards the tongue.Class I, Type III: teeth crowding and angling of the upper front teeth towards the tongue.
