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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/chemistry-in-everyday-life/
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**课程名称：** 化学在日常生活中的入门指南 **课程概述：** 本课程探讨了与我们日常生活息息相关的化学知识，重点介绍了药物的定义、分类以及它们在治疗疾病和缓解疼痛方面的作用。 课程首先区分了“药物”（medicine）和“药品”（drug），强调了药物对疾病的治疗作用、使用的安全性、毒性极低且无成瘾性，而药品虽然也能治疗疾病，但可能具有成瘾性和严重的副作用。 接着，课程详细介绍了**抗酸剂**。我们了解到，常见的抗酸剂，如碳酸氢钠、碳酸镁、氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁凝胶，通过中和胃酸中的氢离子来提高胃的pH值，从而缓解胃部不适。此外，还介绍了西咪替丁（Tegamet）、雷尼替丁（Zantac）、奥美拉唑（Omeprazole）和兰索拉唑（Lansoprazole）等作用机制更复杂的抗酸剂，它们通过阻止组胺与胃壁受体结合来减少胃酸分泌。 课程还深入探讨了作用于**中枢神经系统（CNS）的药物——镇静剂**。这些药物通过诱导幸福感来帮助减轻压力和疲劳。课程列举了常用的镇静剂，如巴比妥酸及其衍生物（如维洛那、鲁米那、司可巴、阿米妥和鲁米那），以及相对温和的镇静剂，如甲二氮䓬（Cleordiazepoxide）和甲丙胺（meprobamate），它们用于缓解紧张情绪。课程还提到了用于减轻抑郁和高血压的药物“Equanil”。最后，课程介绍了从印度蛇根草（Rauwolfia serpentine）中提取的有效镇静剂利血平（Reserpine），它还可以减缓心率和降低血压。 **课程学习要点：** * **药物与药品的区分：** 理解两者的定义、安全性与副作用。 * **抗酸剂的工作原理：** 掌握不同类型抗酸剂的中和或抑制胃酸分泌的机制。 * **镇静剂的作用：** 了解镇静剂如何影响中枢神经系统，以及常见的镇静剂类型和应用。 * **化学在健康和医疗中的重要性：** 认识化学知识如何帮助我们理解和改善健康状况。 本课程为化学初学者提供了一个了解化学在日常医疗和健康保健中扮演关键角色的机会。
Chemical substances of natural or synthetic origin which are used for curing diseases and reducing suffering from pain are called medicines or drugs. The branch of science which deals with the treatment of diseases using suitable chemicals is known as chemotherapy.A medicine is a chemical substance which cure the disease is safe to use has negligible toxicity and does not cause addiction. In contrast, a drug is a chemical substance which also cures the diseases but habit forming causes addiction and serious side effects.Antacids are drugs which raise the pH to an appropriate level in the stomach. Some basic compounds like sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide gel act as antacids by neutralizing hydronium ions in stomach acid.The drugs cimetidine (Tegamet) and ranitidine (Zantac) act as antacids bypreventing the interaction of histamine with the receptors present in the stomach wall resulting in release of lesser amount of acid. Omeprazole and lansoprazole are also marketed as antacids.The drugs which act on the central nervous systems (CNS) and help in reducing stress and fatigue by inducing a sense of well being are called tranquillizers. The most commonly used tranquillizers are barbituric acid and its 5, 5 - disubstituted derivatives such as veronal, luminal, seconal amytal and membutal.Cleordiazepoxide and meprobante are relatively mild tranquillizers and hence are used for relieving tension. Equanil is used for reducing depression and hypertension.Reserpine isolated from the Indian plant Rauwolfia serpentine is also apowerful tranquillizer. It also slows down the pulse rate and lowers the blood pressure.
