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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/chemistry-chemistry-in-everyday-life-organic-chemistry/
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课程名称：化学 - 日常生活中的化学有机化学 课程概述： 本课程着眼于化学的基本原则及其在日常生活中的应用，特别是有机化学在药物和食品添加剂中的重要性。化学是材料研究以及新材料开发的科学，旨在改善人类生活。药物作为化学剂，能够影响人体的新陈代谢并提供治愈效果，但在超过推荐剂量时可能产生毒性反应。化疗是运用化学物质产生治疗效果的过程。 药物通常与生物大分子（如碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂质和核酸）相互作用，这些生物大分子被称为靶分子。药物的设计旨在与特定靶点相互作用，从而减少对其他靶点的影响，降低副作用并局限药物的作用范围。药物化学的核心在于阻止或消灭微生物、预防感染性疾病、减轻心理压力等。因此，类药品如镇痛剂、抗生素、防腐剂、消毒剂、抗酸剂以及镇静剂都被用于特定目的。 此外，食品添加剂如防腐剂、甜味剂、调味剂、抗氧化剂、可食用色素和营养补充剂等被加入食品中，以提高食品的吸引力和营养价值。防腐剂用于防止食物因微生物生长而变质，而人工甜味剂则特别适合需要控制卡路里摄入或糖尿病患者，帮助他们避免摄入蔗糖。 现代社会，洗涤剂日益受到青睐，相较于肥皂，它们在硬水中仍然有效。合成洗涤剂主要分为阴离子、阳离子和非离子三大类，每类具有特定用途。直链烃类洗涤剂优于支链洗涤剂，因为后者不易生物降解，可能造成环境污染。 总之，本课程深入探讨了化学在医药和食品领域的应用，强调了化学在提升生活质量方面的关键作用。
SUMMARYChemistry is essentially the study of materials and the development of new materials for the betterment of humanity. A drug is a chemical agent, which affects human metabolism and provides cure from ailment. If taken in doses higher than recommended, these may have poisonous effect. Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy. Drugs usually interact with biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. These are called target molecules. Drugs are designed to interact with specific targets so that these have the least chance of affecting other targets. This minimises the side effects and localises the action of the drug. Drug chemistry centres around arresting microbes/destroying microbes, preventing the body from various infectious diseases, releasing mental stress, etc. Thus, drugs like analgesics, antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants, antacids and tranquilizers are used for specific purpose. To check the population explosion, antifertility drugs have also become prominent in our life.Food additives such as preservatives, sweetening agents, flavours, antioxidants, edible colours and nutritional supplements are added to the food to make it attractive, palatable and add nutritive value. Preservatives are added to the food to prevent spoilage due to microbial growth. Artificial sweeteners are used by those who need to check the calorie intake or are diabetic and want to avoid taking sucrose.These days, detergents are much in vogue and get preference over soaps because they work even in hard water. Synthetic detergents are classified into three main categories, namely: anionic, cationic and non-ionic, and each category has its specific uses. Detergents with straight chain of hydrocarbons are preferred over branched chain as the latter are non-biodegradable and consequently cause environmental pollution.
