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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/biology-microbes-in-human-welfare/
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**课程名称：** 生物 - 微生物在人类福利中的作用 **课程摘要：** 本课程深入探讨了微生物在地球生命中扮演着至关重要的角色，并强调并非所有微生物都具有致病性。相反，许多微生物对人类福祉至关重要，我们几乎每天都在利用它们和其衍生的产品。 课程将涵盖： * **食物制作：** 详细介绍乳酸菌（LAB）如何将牛奶转化为酸奶，以及酵母（如酿酒酵母）如何发酵面团制作面包。此外，还将探讨某些食物，如印度豆饼（idli）和锅贴（dosa），是如何通过微生物发酵制成的。微生物在为奶酪赋予特定质地、味道和风味方面也发挥着关键作用。 * **工业应用：** 阐述微生物如何用于生产乳酸、乙酸和酒精等工业产品，这些产品在各种工业过程中都有广泛应用。 * **医药领域：** 介绍有益微生物产生的抗生素，例如青霉素，它们能够消灭有害的致病微生物。课程将重点强调抗生素在控制白喉、百日咳和肺炎等传染病方面所起的重大作用。 * **环境保护与能源：** 解释了一百多年来，微生物如何通过活性污泥法处理污水，从而促进自然界中的水循环。课程还将介绍产甲烷菌如何通过降解植物废料产生甲烷（沼气），以及沼气在农村地区作为能源的利用。 * **农业发展：** 探讨微生物在害虫防治中的应用，即生物防治，以及这种方法如何帮助减少有毒农药的使用。课程还将强调当前推广使用生物肥料以替代化肥的必要性。 总之，本课程将清晰地展示人类利用微生物的多样化方式，并印证了微生物在人类社会福利中发挥的不可或缺的作用。
SUMMARYMicrobes are a very important component of life on earth. Not all microbes are pathogenic. Many microbes are very useful to human beings. We use microbes and microbially derived products almost every day. Bacteria called lactic acid bacteria (LAB) grow in milk to convert it into curd. The dough, which is used to make bread, is fermented by yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Certain dishes such as idli and dosa, are made from dough fermented by microbes. Bacteria and fungi are used to impart particular texture, taste and flavor to cheese. Microbes are used to produce industrial products like lactic acid, acetic acid and alcohol, which are used in a variety of processes in the industry. Antibiotics like penicillins produced by useful microbes are used to kill disease-causing harmful microbes. Antibiotics have played a major role in controlling infectious diseases like diphtheria, whooping cough and pneumonia. For more than a hundred years, microbes are being used to treat sewage (waste water) by the process of activated sludge formation and this helps in recycling of water in nature. Methanogens produce methane (biogas) while degrading plant waste. Biogas produced by microbes is used as a source of energy in rural areas. Microbes can also be used to kill harmful pests, a process called as biocontrol. The biocontrol measures help us to avoid heavy use of toxic pesticides for controlling pests. There is a need these days to push for use of biofertilisers in place of chemical fertilisers. It is clear from the diverse uses human beings have put microbes to that they play an important role in the welfare of human society.
