|
所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/biology-human-health-diseases/
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：生物学 - 人类健康与疾病 课程概述：健康不仅仅是没有疾病，它是身体、心理、社会和心理状态的完全健康。诸如伤寒、霍乱、肺炎、皮肤真菌感染、疟疾等疾病对人类造成了重大困扰。以疟疾为例，尤其是由恶性疟原虫引起的疟疾，如不治疗可能导致死亡。此外，个人卫生和清洁、公共卫生措施（如垃圾妥善处理、饮用水消毒、控制蚊虫等）以及免疫接种在预防这些疾病方面起着重要作用。我们的免疫系统在面对病原体时发挥着主要作用。当病原体侵入体内时，皮肤、黏膜、眼泪和唾液中的抗微生物物质、吞噬细胞等先天防御机制能够阻止病原体进入。如果病原体成功进入体内，特定抗体（体液免疫反应）和细胞（细胞介导免疫反应）会攻击和消灭这些病原体。免疫系统具有记忆功能，第二次接触同一病原体时，免疫反应会更加迅速和强烈。这也是疫苗接种与免疫的基础。 除了上述疾病，艾滋病和癌症在全球范围内也造成了大量死亡。艾滋病由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起，虽然致命，但通过采取 certain 预防措施可以加以防止。许多癌症如果早期发现并采取适当的治疗措施是可以治愈的。近年来，青年和青少年中的药物和酒精滥用也成为另一个令人担忧的问题。由于酒精和药物的成瘾性以及它们被视为缓解压力的方式，个人可能在同龄人压力、考试和竞争压力的影响下尝试使用这些物质，最终导致上瘾。教育人们了解这些物质的危害、提供咨询服务和寻求专业的医疗帮助，可以有效地帮助个人摆脱这些恶习。
SUMMARYHealth is not just the absence of disease. It is a state of complete physical, mental, social and psychological well-being. Diseases like typhoid, cholera, pneumonia, fungal infections of skin, malaria and many others are a major cause of distress to human beings. Vector-borne diseases like malaria especially one caused by Plasmodium falciparum, if not treated, may prove fatal. Besides personal cleanliness and hygiene, public health measures like proper disposal of waste, decontamination of drinking water, control of vectors like mosquitoes and immunisation are very helpful in preventing these diseases. Our immune system plays the major role in preventing these diseases when we are exposed to disease-causing agents. The innate defences of our body like skin, mucous membranes, antimicrobial substances present in our tears, saliva and the phagocytic cells help to block the entry of pathogens into our body. If the pathogens succeed in gaining entry to our body, specific antibodies (humoral immune response) and cells (cell mediated immune response) serve to kill these pathogens. Immune system has memory. On subsequent exposure to same pathogen, the immune response is rapid and more intense. This forms the basis of protection afforded by vaccination and immunisation. Among other diseases, AIDS and cancer kill a large number of individuals worldwide. AIDS caused by the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) is fatal but can be prevented if certain precautions are taken. Many cancers are curable if detected early and appropriate therapeutic measures are taken. Of late, drug and alcohol abuse among youth and adolescents is becoming another cause of concern. Because of the addictive nature of alcohol and drugs, and their perceived benefits like relief from stress, a person may try taking these in the face of peer pressure, examinations-related and competition-related stresses. In doing so, he/she may get addicted to them. Education about their harmful effects, counselling and seeking immediate professional and medical help would totally relieve the individual from these evils.
