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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/biology-evolution/
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课程名称：生物学 - 进化 课程概述：进化生物学是研究地球上生命形式历史的学科。进化究竟是什么？要理解地球上植物和动物数百万年来发生的变化，我们必须了解生命起源的背景，即地球、星星乃至整个宇宙的进化。接下来的内容是关于生命起源和生命形式（或生物多样性）进化的漫长故事，置于宇宙进化的背景之下。 地球生命的起源必须在宇宙起源的背景下进行理解，尤其是地球的形成。大多数科学家认为，化学进化，即生物分子的形成，早于第一批细胞生命形式的出现。至于第一种生命形式发生了什么，主要是基于达尔文的自然选择有机进化理论进行的推测。地球上生命形式的多样性在数百万年间不断变化。普遍认为，种群中的变异会导致生存适应性的差异。栖息地的破碎和基因漂流等现象可能加强这些变异，从而导致新物种的出现，从而推动进化。相同性通过分支世系的理念进行解释。比较解剖学、化石和比较生物化学的研究为进化提供了证据。在众多物种进化的故事中，现代人类的进化故事尤为有趣，并与人类大脑和语言的进化相平行。
SUMMARYEvolutionary Biology is the study of history of life forms on earth. What exactly is evolution? To understand the changes in flora and fauna that have occurred over millions of years on earth, we must have an understanding of the context of origin of life, i.e., evolution of earth, of stars and indeed of the universe itself. What follows is the longest of all the construed and conjectured stories. This is the story of origin of life and evolution of life forms or biodiversity on planet earth in the context of evolution of earth and against the background of evolution of universe itself.The origin of life on earth can be understood only against the background of origin of universe especially earth. Most scientists believe chemical evolution, i.e., formation of biomolecules preceded the appearance of the first cellular forms of life. The subsequent events as to what happened to the first form of life is a conjectured story based on Darwinian ideas of organic evolution by natural selection. Diversity of life forms on earth has been changing over millions of years. It is generally believed that variations in a population result in variable fitness. Other phenomena like habitat fragmentation and genetic drift may accentuate these variations leading to appearance of new species and hence evolution. Homology is accounted for by the idea of branching descent. Study of comparative anatomy, fossils and comparative biochemistry provides evidence for evolution. Among the stories of evolution of individual species, the story of evolution of modern man is most interesting and appears to parallel evolution of human brain and language.
