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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/biology-biotechnology-principles-and-processes/
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**课程名称:** 生物学 - 生物技术原理与过程 **课程摘要:** 本课程深入探讨生物技术，即利用活生物体、细胞或酶进行大规模生产和营销产品和过程的学科。课程重点介绍了现代生物技术的核心——基因工程（重组DNA技术）。 **主要内容包括：** * **重组DNA技术的实现：** 课程解释了如何通过改变DNA化学性质、构建重組DNA来制造基因工程产物。 * **关键技术和工具：** 详细介绍了限制性内切酶、DNA连接酶、合适的质粒或病毒载体在分离、导入外源DNA、外源基因表达、基因产物（功能性蛋白质）纯化以及最终产品市场化配方制作等过程中的作用。 * **大规模生产：** 强调了生物反应器在实现大规模生产中的重要性。 * **实际应用与练习：** 课程设置了一系列练习题，鼓励学习者探索生物技术在医学领域的应用（例如，列举10种用于医疗实践的重组蛋白及其治疗用途）、理解限制性内切酶的作用机制、比较酶和DNA的分子大小、计算人体细胞中DNA的摩尔浓度、讨论真核细胞是否具有限制性内切酶、分析搅拌罐式生物反应器相较于摇瓶的优势、识别和创建DNA回文序列、思考重组DNA的形成时期（减数分裂）、理解报告酶在监测细胞转化中的作用，以及简要介绍复制起点、生物反应器、下游处理、PCR、限制酶与DNA、几丁质以及区分质粒DNA与染色体DNA、RNA与DNA、外切酶与内切酶等概念。 **总体而言，本课程为学习者提供了生物技术原理的扎实基础，并结合实际练习，引导他们理解和掌握基因工程的核心概念及其在现代科学和医学中的重要应用。**
SUMMARYBiotechnology deals with large scale production and marketing of products and processes using live organisms, cells or enzymes. Modern biotechnology using genetically modified organisms was made possible only when man learnt to alter the chemistry of DNA and construct recombinant DNA. This key process is called recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering. This process involves the use of restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, appropriate plasmid or viral vectors to isolate and ferry the foreign DNA into host organisms, expression of the foreign gene, purification of the gene product, i.e., the functional protein and finally making a suitable formulation for marketing. Large scale production involves use of bioreactors.EXERCISES1. Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet). 2. Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and the product it produces. 3. From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know? 4. What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell? Consult your teacher. 5. Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer. 6. Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks? 7. Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. Better try to create a palindromic sequence by following base-pair rules. 8. Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made? 9. Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?10. Describe briefly the following: (a) Origin of replication (b) Bioreactors (c) Downstream processing 11. Explain briefly (a) PCR (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA (c) Chitinase 12. Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (a) Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA (b) RNA and DNA (c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease
