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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/basics-of-political-science/
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课程名称：政治科学基础 概述：政治科学是研究国内、国际和比较视角下的政治及权力的学科。它涉及对政治思想、意识形态、机构、政策、过程和行为的理解，以及对群体、阶级、政府、外交、法律、战略和战争的探讨。奥古斯特·孔德认为，理论是我们整理日常面对的众多事实的一种概念性视角。事实上，若没有理论，我们可能无法辨认出任何事实。一个好的理论具有一些特征。首先是简洁性，意味着理论应避免不必要的推测和混乱细节。其次是准确性，理论必须足够详细，以便对世界进行准确评估和解释。一个优雅的理论能够简单而精确地解释、描述、阐明或预测世界的某些方面。然而，这些优点往往被认为是科学理论的特征。自然科学的解释性和预测性在社会科学中并不常见，因为政治和社会生活受到许多无法控制和预见的力量的影响，因此社会和政治实践很少可复制。面对这些问题，一些专家认为社会科学家不应模仿自然科学，而应制定自己的标准和程序。 课程内容包括以下单元： - 单元1：导言 - 单元2：国家与主权 - 单元3：法律与政治义务 - 单元4：基本政治价值观 - 单元5：民主 - 单元6：政治意识形态 课程将探讨政治理论的基本概念，强调政治活动的背景和历史，以及理论对现实政治的反思。通过学习，学生将能在理解社会条件和政治概念之间灵活切换，并能批判性地评估不同的政治思想和理论。
Political science is the study of politics and power from domestic, international, and comparative perspectives. It entails understanding political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, processes, and behavior, as well as groups, classes, government, diplomacy, law, strategy, and war.August Comte opined that theories are the conceptual lenses through which we can sort out the plethora of facts that we confront daily. In fact, without theories, we might not be able to identify something as a fact at all. There are some features of a good theory. The first virtue is parsimony which implies frugality. A theory should be parsimonious to forgo unnecessary speculation and confusing details. The second feature of a sound theory is accuracy. Theories must be sufficiently detailed to allow for accurate assessments and explanations of the world. An elegant theory simply yet precisely interprets, describes, explains, or predicts some aspect of the world. However, these virtues are mostly identified as features of scientific theories. The explanatory and predictive behavior of natural sciences is not found in social sciences as too many uncontrolled and unforeseen forces affect political and social life and that is why social and political practices are seldom replicable. In light of these problems, some experts have argued that social scientists should not try to mimic the natural sciences; instead, they should develop their own standards and procedures. For theorists of social and political life, therefore, the ability to feel and think in ways similar to the object of study is a crucial component of their task. In the West, political theory emerged out of political philosophy on one hand, and political thought, on the other. But it should be remembered that political theory is different from both. It differs from political philosophy in the sense that it is less formal and atomistic and less concerned to establish logical relationships between individual political concepts. Political theory is different from political thought by being less historical in focus. Thus, political theory is an essentially mixed mode of thought. It not only embraces deductive argument and empirical theory but combines them with normative concern, so acquiring a practical, action-guiding character. It is an attempt to arrive at a comprehensive, coherent, and general account of the sorts of things that we talk about when we discuss politics. A good political theorist is able to move between social conditions and political concepts. Political theory must involve a good deal of knowledge of political practice. Another aspect of political theory is that it is always defined by the specific situations and problems political thinkers have witnessed. To understand political theory, we need to understand both the history of ideas on which the thinkers draw and the problems they considered themselves to be facing and to which their work was addressed. Studying the context in which political theory originally arose allows us to critically assess whose particular interests it reflected.CONTENTUNIT - 1: Introduction. 3UNIT - 2: State and Sovereignty. 8UNIT - 3: Law and Political Obligations. 8UNIT - 4: Basic Political Values. 8UNIT - 5: Democracy. 8UNIT - 6: Political Ideologies. 8
