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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/basics-of-biomechanics-simplified/
课程评论：没有评论
这门名为“生物力学基础 - 简化版”的Coursera课程，旨在帮助学习者理解人体力学。课程首先从定义入手，将生物力学定义为研究人体力学、人体在运动和静止时内外力的影响，以及将力学原理应用于生物功能的研究。 接着，课程详细阐述了运动描述的关键概念：**轴**（运动发生的线条）与**平面**（与轴垂直且运动发生的表面）。重点介绍了三类轴： * **矢状轴**：前后方向，运动发生在额状面。 * **额状轴（或横轴）**：水平方向，垂直于矢状轴，运动发生在矢状面。 * **垂直轴**：与重力线平行，运动发生在水平面。 同时，课程也定义了三个主要的运动平面： * **水平面（横断面）**：将身体分为上下两部分，与地面平行，例如头部的旋转，运动绕垂直轴进行，不受重力影响，有助于较弱肌肉的运动。 * **额状面（冠状面）**：将身体分为前后两部分，进行侧向运动，例如头部向两侧倾斜，运动绕前后向的矢状轴进行。 * **矢状面（垂直面）**：前后方向的垂直面，将身体或肢体分为左右两部分，进行前后向运动，例如点头，运动绕冠状轴进行。（注：此处定义与轴的描述略有出入，课程原文为“Rotatory motion in the sagittal plane occurs around a coronal axis”，即矢状面的旋转运动绕冠状轴）。 课程还介绍了**运动学（Kinematics）**，这是生物力学中描述运动但不考虑产生力的因素的部分，包含运动的类型、位置、方向和幅度。其中，**运动类型**被详细阐述，特别是： * **旋转运动**：物体绕固定轴沿曲线路径的运动，人体的大部分肌肉目标是围绕固定轴旋转骨骼杠杆。 * **平移运动**：未完全展开。
DEFINITIONS: 1. The study of mechanics in the human body is referred to as biomechanics. 2. The study of the effects of internal and external forces on the human body in movement and rest is called biomechanics. 3. Mechanical principles applied to the study of biological functions; the application of mechanical laws to living structures; the study and knowledge of biological function from an application of mechanical principles is called biomechanics. Axis: It is the line about which movement takes place. An imaginary straight line around which an object rotates is called axis. Plane: It is the surface which lies at right angles to axis and in which the movement take place. These terms are used to facilitate the description of movement or direction. Types of axes: They are 3 types of axes. a. Sagittal axis: It lies parallel to sagittal suture of skull, i.e. in a anterior-posterior direction. Movement at this axes occur in a frontal plane. b. Frontal or transverse axes: It lies parallel to transverse suture of skull. It is horizontal and at right angles to sagittal axes. Movement about frontal axes occurs in a sagittal plane. c. Vertical axes: It lies parallel to line of gravity. Movement about this axis is in a horizontal plane. Sagittal Frontal Vertical 2 EXERCISE THERAPY Planes: There are three planes. 1. Movement in horizontal plane (transverse plane): This plane divides the body into upper and lower halves. Movements in transverse plane occur parallel to ground. For example in rotation of the head, the nose moves parallel to ground. Rotatory movements in a transverse plane occur around a vertical axis of motion. Movement in the horizontal plane is not affected by gravity hence it is stated as gravity free movement. Weak muscles which unable to produce movement against gravity can often succeed in this plane. 2. Movement in frontal plane (coronal plane): the frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves. Movements in the frontal plane occur side to side movements such as bringing the head to each of the shoulders. Rotatory motion in the frontal plane occurs around an anterior posterior axis. 3. Movement in vertical plane (sagittal plane): An anteroposterior vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, dividing it in half. It is the plane that divides the body or body segment into the right and left parts. Movements in this plane include forward and backward motions such as nodding of the head. Rotatory motion in the sagittal plane occurs around a coronal axis. Frontal plane Sagittal plane Transverse plane MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES 3 KINEMATICS Kinematics is the area of biomechanics that include description of motion without regard for the forces producing it. They include. i. Types of motion. ii. Location of motion. iii. Direction of motion. iv. Magnitude of motion. (i) Types of motion: four types of motion are there. a. Rotatory motion: It is the movement of an object around a fixed axis in a curved path. Each point on the object or segment moves through the same angle at same distance. In human body the goal of most muscles appear to rotate a bony lever around a fixed axis. b. Translatory motion:
