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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/basic-accounting-terms/
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**课程名称:基础会计术语** 本课程旨在介绍会计领域的基础概念和术语,帮助学习者建立坚实的会计知识体系。 **课程内容涵盖:** * **时间概念:** 区分日历年和财年。 * **折旧:** 解释折旧的原因(资产使用、时间流逝)。 * **凭证与商品:** 介绍凭证、商品的种类。 * **存货:** 讲解期初存货和期末存货。 * **商业主体:** 区分制造商、贸易商、破产者、业主。 * **债权债务:** 定义应收账款(Debtor)和应付账款(Creditor),以及应付票据(Bills Payable)和应收票据(Bills Receivable)。 * **交易与账户:** 解释提款(Drawing)、分录(Entry)和账户(Account)。 * **会计记账:** 介绍会计(Accountancy)和会计(Accounting)。 * **成本构成:** 分析成本及其要素(材料、人工、间接费用)。 * **负债与准备金:** 区分负债(Liability)和准备金(Provision),以及准备金(Reserve)和坏账(Bad Debts)。 * **风险与损失:** 讲解呆账(Doubtful Debts)和坏账收回(Bad Debts Recover)。 * **收入与支出:** 定义收入(Revenue)、支出(Expenses)、利润(Profit)、收益(Gain)、损失(Loss)。 * **采购与销售:** 介绍采购(Purchase)、进货退出(Purchase Return / Return Outwards)、销售(Sale)、销货退出(Sale Return / Return Inward)。 * **折扣:** 区分商业折扣(Trade Discount)和现金折扣(Cash Discount)。 * **收支分类:** * **资本性与收益性项目:** 区分资本性项目(Capital nature items)和收益性项目(Revenue nature items)。 * **资本性支出与收益性支出(Capital Expenditure vs. Revenue Expenditure):** * **资本性支出:** 与固定资产相关,非为销售目的,带来长期利益,增加资产价值,提高盈利能力,属于非常见支出,在资产负债表中列于资产方。 * **收益性支出:** 与产品生产销售相关,带来短期利益,为日常运营费用,用于维护资产但不增加其价值,不提高盈利能力但维持现有水平,在损益表中列于借方。 * **资本性收入与收益性收入(Capital Receipt vs. Revenue Receipt):** 介绍它们的定义和例子。 * **递延收益性支出(Differed Revenue expenditure):** 介绍其概念。 * **资产与负债分类:** 区分资产(Assets)和负债(Liabilities),并对资产进行分类。 * **无形资产:** 介绍商誉(Goodwill)、版权(Copyright)、专利(Patent)、商标(Trademark)。 * **商业活动:** 介绍商业(Commerce)、批发贸易(Whole sale trade)、初级产业(Primary industry)、次级产业(Secondary industry)。 * **会计起源:** 提及“印度会计之父”。 本课程为学习者打开了会计的大门,是深入理解财务信息和商业运作的基础。
Basic Accounting TermsYear: Calendar year and Financial yearDepreciation: Reasons of depreciation ➢ (i) Use of assets (ii) passage of timeVoucherGoods and Its TypesStock/Inventory and Its Types: Opening Stock and Closing StockManufacturer, Trader and InsolventProprietorDebtor and CreditorBills Payable and Bills ReceivableDrawing, Entry and AccountAccountancy and Accounting Cost and Its Element: Material, Labour and OverheadsLiability and ProvisionReserve and Bad DebtsDoubtful Debts and Bad Debts RecoverTransactionCapitalDebitCreditRevenueExpenses and IncomeProfit, Gain and LossPurchase and Purchase Return / Return OutwardsSale and Sale Return / Return InwardDiscount and Its Kind : Trade Discount and Cash DiscountTypes of Capital & Revenue nature items: Capital nature items, Revenue nature itemsClassification of Expenditure: Capital Expenditure, Revenue ExpenditureCapital Expenditure :- Contents # ➢Relation with fixed asset ➢Not for sale ➢Long term benefit ➢Increase the value of assets ➢Increase the profit earing capacity of the business ➢Rare expenditure ➢Shown in the asset side of the balance sheetExample of Capital ExpenditureRevenue Expenditure: Contents # ➢ Relation with production to sale of goods ➢ Short term benefit ➢ Routine expenses ➢ To maintain the assets but they do not increase the value of an asset. ➢ Do not increase the profit earning capacity of the concern but simply maintain it. ➢ Shown on the debit side of the trading and P/L Account. Example of Revenue ExpenditureClassification of Income/ReceiptCapital Receipt and Its Example Revenue Receipt and Its exampleDiffered Revenue expenditureClassification of LiabilitiesAssets and Its ClassificationGoodwillCopyright PatentTrademarkCommerceWhole sale tradePrimary industrySecondary industryFather of accounting In India