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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/atoms-and-molecules/
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**原子与分子课程总结** 本课程深入探讨了物质的基本构成单元——原子与分子。课程从古希腊哲学家德谟克利特的“原子”概念入手，阐述了物质由不可再分的微小粒子构成。 **核心内容包括：** * **物质的构成：** 所有物质都由称为原子的微小粒子组成。不同原子和分子的组合决定了物质的性质。 * **化学定律：** 课程介绍了化学反应中普遍遵循的几个基本定律： * **质量守恒定律：** 化学反应前后，物质的总质量保持不变。 * **定比定律：** 纯净物中，组成元素间的质量比是一个固定值。 * **倍比定律：** 当两种元素生成两种或两种以上化合物时，若其中一种元素的质量固定，则另一种元素质量的整数倍成简单比例。 * **道尔顿原子论：** 课程详细介绍了道尔顿提出的原子论，其主要观点包括： * 物质由原子构成。 * 原子是微小、不可分割且不可破坏的。 * 同种元素的原子性质和质量相同，不同种元素的原子性质和质量不同。 * 原子以简单的整数比例结合形成化合物。 * 化学反应是原子的重新组合，原子既不会产生也不会消失。 通过本课程的学习，学员将对构成我们周围世界的物质基础有更深刻的理解。
The structure of matter has been a subject of speculation from very early times. According to Greek philosopher Democritus, if we go on dividing matter into smaller parts, a stage would be reached when particles obtained cannot be divided further. He called these particle as ‘atoms' meaning indivisible.All matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Different kinds of atoms and molecules have different properties due to which different kind of matter also show different properties.Laws of chemical combination: By studying the result of quantitative measurement of many reactions it was observed that whenever substances react, they follow certain laws. These laws are called the law of chemical combination. They are(a) Law of conservation of mass.(b) Law of constant proportions.(c) Law of multiple proportionsDalton's Atomic Theory: According to this theory, all matter whether element, compound or mixture is composed of small particles called atoms. The theory proposed by Dalton may be stated as follows:(i) All matter is made up of atoms.(ii) Atoms are tiny, indivisible and in destructive ultimate particles.(iii) Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties.(iv) Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties. (v) Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole number to form compounds.(vi) Atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
