|
所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/arresting-climate-change/
课程评论：没有评论
这门 Coursera 课程“阻止气候变化”（Arresting Climate Change）重点关注如何利用碳封存来减缓气候变化，特别是提倡碳矿化这一方法。该课程由非营利组织 Carbon Negative Water and Energy（CNWE）的创始人 John Hoaglund 博士开发。 课程分为两个部分，共包含 14 个视频。第一部分是一场记录了 John Hoaglund 博士与 Nevada Conservation League 的播客访谈，讨论了气候变化问题、工业碳排放来源以及如何通过碳封存来缓解。 第二部分是 Hoaglund 博士在 National Groundwater Association（NGWA）的一次演讲的扩展版本，详细介绍了“CNWE 环境三要素”（CNWE environmental trifecta）。与旨在“排污权”的临时生物碳封存（如种植湿地和森林）不同，碳矿化是指将碳永久性地储存在海底。 碳封存方法都存在能源消耗，但该课程提出的创新之处在于将碳矿化与卤水脱盐相结合。这样做不仅能解决卤水处理问题，还能产生一系列有益的副产品和效益： 1. **生产淡水**：通过脱盐过程获得淡水。 2. **生产商品**：例如生产氢气，这是一种即将取代锂的能源载体。 3. **消除卤水处理**：避免了海水和地下水脱盐过程中产生的卤水废弃处理问题。 4. **消除碳排放**：通过碳封存实现。 5. **减少地下水盐碱化**：通过生产用于除冰和化肥的碳酸氢盐（bicarbonate）来替代氯化物盐。 **“CNWE 环境三要素”的技术细节**： * **减少温室气体（GHG）**：通过从烟囱捕获（FSC）或直接空气捕获（DAC）的二氧化碳，将其转化为固态碳酸盐矿物（MCO3 或 MHCO3）或增加地下水、地表水和海洋中的溶解性碳酸氢盐（HCO3）。这些溶解的碳酸氢盐可用于生物燃料、肥料或饲料生产。该过程通常涉及卤水电解产生碱（MOH），然后用二氧化碳气体形成碳酸，与碱反应生成碳酸盐。 * **生产淡水**：通过脱盐获得淡水，并通过避免卤水处理和道路撒盐来防止盐碱化，同时处理酸雨和酸性矿山排水对水体的酸化。作为道路撒盐和肥料替代品，MHCO3 可以中和酸雨。其应用还可以防止氯化物盐对地下水和地表水的盐碱化。MHCO3 还可以用于处理酸性矿山排水。 * **清洁能源**：通过电解卤水生产氢气和提取锂。此外，电解过程还能产生其他可销售的副产品，如碳酸氢钠（NaHCO3）、氢气（H2）、氯气（Cl2）、盐酸（HCl）和含氯氧化物（ClOx），这些副产品可用于氢能经济、水净化和废物处理。 课程鼓励受益者捐款，或将课程广泛传播。更多信息可在 Hoaglund 博士的 Udemy 讲师简介页面上找到。
In this class we discuss carbon sequestration as a means to mitigate climate change. The method promoted is carbon mineralization. This course was developed as part of mission of the non-profit Carbon Negative Water and Energy founded by Dr. John Hoaglund. If you have benefitted from the information, please consider making a donation. If you're part of the 98% and can't make a donation, please massively forward the website and this course to your network.it makes a difference. More information is available at the foundation's website linked from Dr. Hoaglund's Udemy Instructor biography page.The two-part course is based on two presentations, divided topically into 14 videos. The first section features a Nevada Conservation League podcast, interviewing Dr. John Hoaglund. The climate change issue, other industrial sources of carbon and how to mitigate it with carbon sequestration is discussed. The second section is an expanded version of a presentation Dr. Hoaglund delivered to the National Groundwater Association (NGWA), and details the "CNWE environmental trifecta" (see below). Unlike the temporary biotic carbon sequestration used for "carbon offsets" (growing wetlands and forests in exchange for the "right to pollute", i.e. emit carbon), carbon mineralization is the Earth's permanent sink for carbon onto the seafloor. There is an energy penalty associated with all carbon sequestration methods, but by combining it with brine desalination with the processes described here, the energy invested also 1) produces freshwater, 2) produces commodities such as hydrogen gas, an energy carrier that will soon replace lithium, 3) eliminates brine disposal, 4) eliminates carbon emissions, and 5) reduces salination of groundwater by producing a bicarbonate de-icing salt to replace chloride salts.A technical description of the three components of the "CNWE environmental trifecta" is as follows:Greenhouse gas (GHG) is reduced through the sequestration of carbon, achieved from flue stack capture (FSC), or direct air capture (DAC), of CO2, subsequently incorporated into solid carbonate mineral [MCO3 or MHCO3], or into increased naturally dissolved bicarbonate (HCO3) in groundwater, surface water, and oceans. Dissolved HCO3 can be incorporated into algae for biofuel, fertilizer, or feedstock production. The need for brine waste disposal is eliminated from both seawater and groundwater brine desalination operations. The most common technology for this step usually involves 1) the electrolysis of brine, producing a base MOH, and 2) the aeration of CO2 gas forming carbonic acid, which reacts with the base to produce a carbonate salt [MCO3 or MHCO3].Freshwater is produced from the desalination of brine, and is managed through the prevention of salinization from brine handling and road salting, as well as the treatment of the acidification of groundwater and surface waters resulting from acid precipitation and acid mine drainage. MHCO3, replacing MCl in road salting and fertilizer operations, provides "non-point" source application of the bicarbonate for the neutralization of acid precipitation. The elimination of MCl salts prevents the chloride salinization of groundwater and surface waters. MHCO3 can also be applied locally, providing "point" source application for the neutralization of acid mine drainage point sources.Clean energy is promoted through the production of energy carriers: lithium extracted from brines, and hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine. Other marketable byproducts are produced from the electrolysis process described above, which has existed for over a hundred years, and is already the standard means for the production of these compounds industrially. The marketable byproducts are NaHCO3 and various HxClx compounds, including H2, Cl2, HCl, and ClOx. The H2 can supplement the hydrogen economy. The Cl2 and ClOx compounds can be used in water sanitation. The HCl can be used in various waste digestion (dissolution) practices, particularly organic matter from agriculture (e.g. offal). HCl applied to native metals produces that metal's chloride plus hydrogen gas.[Throughout the discussion above, M is most commonly sodium, Na, when referring to univalent cations, and Ca or Mg when referring to divalent cations]
