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所在平台: Udemy |
课程主页: https://www.udemy.com/course/approaches-to-overcome-multidrug-resistance-in-bacteria/
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课程名称：细菌噬菌体与细菌：持续的战斗 课程概述： 抗生素耐药性是全球人类健康面临的主要威胁之一。世界卫生组织指出，全球抗生素正在枯竭，新型抗生素无法解决耐药性危机。多重耐药（MDR）细菌，如铜绿假单胞菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、鲍曼不动杆菌等，已成为公共卫生关注的焦点，它们在医疗机构和免疫力低下患者中引起严重感染。此外，它们还能形成生物膜，并在某些医疗设备表面定植。由形成生物膜的细菌引起的感染通常难以治疗，并且生物膜的形成会显著提高对抗菌剂的抗性，难以从医疗设备中根除。 为了克服耐药性，已提出多种有前景的解决方案。近年来，细菌噬菌体作为一种抗菌疗法，在治疗感染性疾病方面显示出其作为有价值的替代方案的潜力。细菌噬菌体是细菌特异性病毒，在环境中广泛存在。它们将基因组注入目标细菌细胞，导致细菌细胞瓦解。一些研究者希望噬菌体能在阻止抗生素耐药细菌引起的死亡方面发挥重要作用。 另一方面，丁香酚和山奈酚等天然产物已被报道具有抗生物膜活性。这些天然产物除了具有直接的抗菌活性外，一些在与常规抗生素联合使用时，在体外实验中表现出协同效应。 基于这些事实，可以认为细菌噬菌体为对抗耐药性提供了希望。噬菌体产品比传统药物开发更快，成本效益更高。同时，植物化学物质也代表着具有强大抗菌活性的生物活性化合物的重要来源。
Globally, one of the major threats to human health, is antibiotic resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that antibiotics are running out worldwide and novel antibiotics will not solve the antibiotic resistance crisis. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumanii and others have become issues of public health concern. They cause severe infections in health care facilities and in immunocompromised patients. Additionally, they are able to form biofilms and colonize the surfaces of certain medical devices. Infections caused by biofilm-forming bacteria are often difficult to treat. Biofilm formation almost leads to a large increase in resistance to antimicrobial agents and is difficult to eradicate from medical devices. Different successful approaches have been proposed as promising solutions to overcome this resistance. In recent years, bacteriophages have been an interesting alternative to antimicrobial therapy for infectious diseases. Bacteriophages are bacterio-specific viruses that constitute a main portion of the environment. They inject their genome into the targeted bacterial cells and cause bacterial cell disintegration. Some doctors hope it will play a major role in stopping deaths caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. On the other hand, natural products such as eugenol and kaempferol have been reported to have antibiofilm activities. Next to containing direct antimicrobial activities, some of them have exerted in vitro synergistic effects when being combined with conventional antibiotics. Considering these facts, it could be stated that bacteriophages offer hope in fight against antibiotic resistance. Phage products can be developed faster and more cost-effectively than conventional drugs. In concordance, phytochemicals represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds with potent antimicrobial activities.
