Visual Perception and the Brain

开始时间: 04/22/2022 持续时间: 8 weeks

所在平台: CourseraArchive 课程类别: 生物与生命科学 大学或机构: Duke University(杜克大学) 授课老师： Dale Purves

课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/course/visualpercepbrain

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课程详情

The purpose of the course is to consider how what we see is generated by the visual system.

In the 1960s and for the following few decades, it seemed all but certain that the rapidly growing body of information about the electrophysiological and anatomical properties of neurons in the primary visual pathway of experimental animals would reveal how the brain uses retinal stimuli to generate perceptions and appropriate visually guided behaviors. But despite the passage of more than fifty years, this expectation has not been met. In retrospect, the missing piece is understanding how stimuli that cannot specify the properties of physical sources can nevertheless give rise to perceptions and behaviors that are routinely successful.

Most concepts of vision propose, explicitly or implicitly, that successful visual behavior depends on recovering the sources of stimulus features either directly or by a process of statistical inference. However, given the inability of the visual system to access the physical properties of the world, these conceptual frameworks cannot account for the behavioral success of biological vision. The alternative is that the visual system automatically links simple, recurrent stimulus patterns with reproductive success, without ever recovering real world properties.

This strategy provides a different way of studying the relationship between the objective world and subjective experience, and offers a way of understanding the operating principles of visual circuitry without invoking feature detection, image representation in the brain, and/or probabilistic inference.

Thus the objectives of the course are:
- To introduce you to some fascinating perceptual phenomenology
- To make you think about how this phenomenology can be explained
- To make you consider what possible explanations imply about brain function

课程大纲

Introduction

Module #1: The Phenomenology of What We See

1.1 Introduction 

1.2 The Strange Way We See Things

1.3 Why We Don't See the World the Way It Really Is: The Inverse Problem 

Module #2: Organization of the Visual System

2.1 Visual Stimuli

2.2 Organization of the Visual System: Eye and Retina 

2.3 Organization of the Visual System: The Primary Visual Pathway

Module #3: Conceptions of How Vision Works

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Vision as Feature Detection

3.3 Vision as Inference

3.4 Vision as Efficient Coding

3.5 Vision as a Way of Contending with the Inverse Problem 

Module #4: Seeing Lightness and Brightness

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Discrepancies between Luminance and Lightness

4.3 Some More Complex Examples

4.4 An Empirical Explanation Based on Reproductive Success

Module #5: Seeing Color

5.1 Introduction

5.2 More about the Nature of Light

5.3 A Review of Some Relevant Retinal Biology

5.4 Why We Have Color Vision

5.5 The Strange Way We See Color: Color Contrast and Color Constancy 

Module #6: Seeing Geometry

6.1 The Phenomenology of Perceived Geometry

6.2 Line Length: An Example of How Perceived Geometry Can be Explained

6.3 The Perception of Angles 

6.4 The Perception of Object Size

Module #7: Seeing Distance and Depth

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Monocularly Perceived Distance

7.3 Binocularly Perceived Depth (Stereopsis)

7.4 Explaining Stereopsis

7.5 Random Dot Stereograms and the Correspondence Problem

7.6 How and Where Does Information from the Two Eyes Come Together?

Module #8: Seeing Motion

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Perceived Speed: The Flash-Lag Effect

8.3 Perceived Direction: Aperture Effects

Summing Up

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