Moral Foundations of Politics

开始时间: 04/22/2022 持续时间: Unknown

所在平台: CourseraArchive 课程类别: 社会科学 大学或机构: Yale University（耶鲁大学） 授课老师： Ian Shapiro

课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/course/mofopo

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"Moral Foundations of Politics" starts with a survey of major political theories of the Enlightenment—Utilitarianism, Marxism, and the social contract tradition—through classical formulations, historical context, and contemporary debates relating to politics today. It then turns to the rejection of Enlightenment political thinking. Lastly, it deals with the nature of, and justifications for, democratic politics, and their relations to Enlightenment and Anti-Enlightenment political thinking. Practical implications of these arguments are covered through discussion of a variety of concrete problems.

课程大纲

This eight week course will run from January 12 through March 9 and is divided into six themes:

        I.     Enlightenment Political Theory
        II.    Utilitarianism: Classical and Neoclassical
        III.   Marxism, Its Failures and Its Legacy
        IV.   The Social Contract Tradition
        V.    Anti-Enlightenment Politics
        VI.   Democracy

The syllabus below can help guide you through the course requirements. 

INTRODUCTION 

Monday, January 12: Information and housekeeping

Wednesday, January 14: Introductory lecture 

• Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem, pg. 21-55, 135-149 
  

I. ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL THEORY

Friday, January 16: Natural law roots of the enlightenment 

• John Locke, First Treatise of Government, Chs, 1-2, 9 (up to §93, inclusive)
  
• John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, Ch. 1
  
• Thomas Hobbes, Six Lessons to the Professors of Mathematics

II. UTILITARIANISM: CLASSICAL AND NEOCLASSICAL

Monday, January 19: Origins of classical utilitarianism 

• Jeremy Bentham, “Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation,” Chs. 1-3, 
  

Wednesday, January 21: Classical utilitarianism and distributive justice 

• Bentham in W. Stark, Jeremy Bentham’s Economic Writings, 442 
  

Friday, January 23: From classical to neoclassical utilitarianism 

• Catch up on the readings if you need to!
  

Monday, January 26: The neoclassical synthesis of rights and utility 

• John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, Chs. 1-2 
  

Wednesday, January 28: Limits of the neoclassical synthesis

• John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, Chs. 5

III. MARXISM, ITS FAILURES AND ITS LEGACY

Friday, January 30: The Marxian challenge 

• Marx and Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party

Monday, February 2: Marx's theory of capitalism and exploitation

• Marx, Capital (Vol. I), Prefaces, Chs. I, IV, VI, XII, XVI (excerpts)   
  
• Marx, Critique of the Gotha Program
  

Wednesday, February 4: The Marxian failure and legacy

• Marx, Theories of Surplus Value, Ch. XVII (Sections 8-11, 14)    
  
• Roemer, "Should Marxists be interested in exploitation?" Analytical Marxism  
  

IV. THE SOCIAL CONTRACT TRADITION

Friday, February 6: The state of nature

• Hobbes, Leviathan, Introduction, Chs. 13-17, 21    
• Locke, Second Treatise of Government, Chs. 2-5

Monday, February 9: The Rawlsian social contract

• Rawls, A Theory of Justice, pg. 3-19, 52-56 
  
• Rawls, "Social Unity and Primary Goods," sect. IV, V in John Rawls: Collected Papers 
  

Wednesday, February 11: Distributive justice and the welfare state

• Rawls, A Theory of Justice, pg. 102-109, 118-123, 153-160, 221-227  
  

Friday, February 13: The "political-not-metaphysical" legacy

• Rawls,  "Justice as fairness: political not metaphysical." Philosophy & Public Affairs 14 (1985): 226-248 
  
• Shapiro, "Resources, Capacities, and Ownership." Political Theory 19.1 (February 1991), 47-72 
  

Monday, February 16: The Nozickian minimal state

• Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia, pp. 3-17, 26-35  
  

Wednesday, February 18: Rights-as-side constraints and the minimal state

• Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia, pp. 54-63, 78-84, 88-90, 108-119 
  

Friday, February 20: Compensation versus redistribution 

• Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia, pp. 149-164, 174-182 
  

V. ANTI-ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICS

Monday, February 23: The Burkean outlook

• Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (excerpts)    
  
• Patrick Devlin, "Morals and the Criminal Law" 
  

Wednesday, February 25: Contemporary communitarianism 

• Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue, Chs. 1-3  

Friday, February 27: Contemporary communitarianism 

• Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue, Ch. 5 

VI. DEMOCRACY 
Monday, March 2: Republicanism vs. democracy 

• Hamilton, Jay, and Madison, The Federalist Papers, Papers No. 1, 9, 10 14, 39, 48, 51, 62, 70, 78    
  

Wednesday, March 4: In Search of the General Will

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract and the First and Second Discourses, Book I Ch. 6-7, Book II Ch. 3    
  
• William H. Riker, Ch. 5, "The Meaning of Social Choice" in Liberalism against Populism, pp. 115-123 
  
• Jürgen Habermas, "Three Normative Models of Democracy" 
  
• James Fishkin, "Deliberative Polling: Toward a Better-Informed Democracy" 
  

Friday, March 6: Majority Rule

• Locke, Second Treatise of Government, Chs. 17-19    
  
• Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, Ch. XXI and XXII 
  
• Buchanan and Tullock, The Calculus of Consent, excerpt from Ch. 6 
  
• Shapiro, "John Locke's Democratic Theory," in Locke's Two Treatises of Government, pp. 309-332 
  
• Douglas Rae, "The Limits of Consensual Decision" 
  

Monday, March 9: Democracy, Science, and Rights

• Shapiro, "Elements of Democratic Justice." Political Theory. 

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