Introduction to Galois Theory

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Higher School of Economics

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We recall the construction and basic properties of finite fields. We prove that the multiplicative group of a finite field is cyclic, and that the automorphism group of a finite field is cyclic generated by the Frobenius map. We introduce the notions of separable (resp. purely inseparable) elements, extensions, degree. We briefly discuss perfect fields. This week, the first ungraded assignment (in order to practice the subject a little bit) is given.

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A very beautiful classical theory on field extensions of a certain type (Galois extensions) initiated by Galois in the 19th century. Explains, in particular, why it is not possible to solve an equation of degree 5 or more in the same way as we solve quadratic or cubic equations. You will learn to compute Galois groups and (before that) study the properties of various field extensions. We first shall survey the basic notions and properties of field extensions: algebraic, transcendental, finite field extensions, degree of an extension, algebraic closure, decomposition field of a polynomial. Then we shall do a bit of commutative algebra (finite algebras over a field, base change via tensor product) and apply this to study the notion of separability in some detail. After that we shall discuss Galois extensions and Galois correspondence and give many examples (cyclotomic extensions, finite fields, Kummer extensions, Artin-Schreier extensions, etc.). We shall address the question of solvability of equations by radicals (Abel theorem). We shall also try to explain the relation to representations and to topological coverings. Finally, we shall briefly discuss extensions of rings (integral elemets, norms, traces, etc.) and explain how to use the reduction modulo primes to compute Galois groups. PREREQUISITES A first course in general algebra — groups, rings, fields, modules, ideals. Some knowledge of commutative algebra (prime and maximal ideals — first few pages of any book in commutative algebra) is welcome. For exercises we also shall need some elementary facts about groups and their actions on sets, groups of permutations and, marginally, the statement of Sylow's theorems. ASSESSMENTS A weekly test and two more serious exams in the middle and in the end of the course. For the final result, tests count approximately 30%, first (shorter) exam 30%, final exam 40%. There will be two non-graded exercise lists (in replacement of the non-existent exercise classes...) Do you have technical problems? Write to us: coursera@hse.ru

Galois理论简介:19世纪由Galois发起的关于某种类型的场扩展(Galois扩展)的非常漂亮的古典理论。特别说明为什么无法以与求解二次方程式或三次方程式相同的方式来求解度数为5或更大的方程式。您将学习计算Galois组,并在此之前学习各种字段扩展的属性。 我们首先将考察场扩展的基本概念和性质:代数,先验,有限场扩展,扩展程度,代数闭包,多项式的分解场。 然后,我们将做一些可交换代数(一个域上的有限代数,通过张量积的基础变化),并将其应用到一些可分离性概念的研究中。 之后,我们将讨论Galois扩展和Galois对应关系,并给出许多示例(环原子扩展,有限域,Kummer扩展,Artin-Schreier扩展等)。 我们将解决由根解方程的可解性的问题(阿贝尔定理)。我们还将尝试解释与表示形式和拓扑覆盖之间的关系。 最后,我们将简要讨论环的扩展(整体元素,范数,迹线等),并说明如何使用归约模素数来计算Galois群。 前提条件 一般代数的第一门课程-组,环,场,模块,理想。欢迎提供一些关于可交换代数的知识(素数和最大理想-可交换代数的任何书籍的前几页)。在练习中,我们还需要一些有关组及其在集合,排列组上的动作的基本知识,以及 西洛定理的陈述。 评估 在课程的中期和结束时,每周进行一次考试,并进行两次更认真的考试。对于最终结果,测试大约占30%,第一次(短期)考试占30%,最后一次考试占40%。 将有两个未分级的运动清单(代替不存在的运动课程...) 你有技术上的问题吗?写信给我们:coursera@hse.ru

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