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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/western-christianity-200-1650
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：穿越西方基督教之旅：从受迫害的信仰到全球宗教（200 - 1650） 课程概述：本课程追溯西方基督教的非凡发展历程，从第三世纪罗马帝国对基督徒的迫害开始，到早期现代世界耶稣会士的全球扩展。我们将探索这一宗教动态多样的特征，接触到众多讲述信仰、暴力、压制和分裂故事的人物。课程中，我们将了解卡尔塔赫的佩尔佩图阿及其殉道故事；北非主教奥古斯丁的斗争；凯尔特修士和传教士的热情；十字军的暴虐；瑞典布里吉特的异象；以及马丁·路德抗争导致的基督教分裂。我们将听到伟大神学家以及被教会视为异端的人们的声音，这提醒我们，基督教的发展是一个包含多种竞争改革理念和思想的故事，同时揭示了对腐败和低俗的有力批评，以及对失败者的排斥。基督教与犹太人和穆斯林的复杂历史中既有暴力和驱逐的悲剧，也有犹太和伊斯兰学术对西方文化深远影响的惊人方式。 我们将欣赏到由修士们在维京人扰乱英格兰海岸时精心制作的《凯尔斯之书》的惊人美丽；体验沙特尔大教堂窗户的蓝光；思考托马斯·阿奎那伟大的《神学大全》中的开篇问题；阅读15世纪的古腾堡圣经，见证印刷术带来的革命；我们将走访加尔文的日内瓦、伊丽莎白的英格兰以及特伦特，在那里，天主教大会召开以推动现代的传教天主教会。我们将走过西班牙菲利普二世的大埃斯科里亚，聆听十字架上的约翰的诗歌，并跟随耶稣会士前往巴西和中国。 西方基督教是在冲突与动荡的火焰中锻造的，带来了创造力与暴力的双重遗产。它回响着对上帝的世界进行改造的召唤，激发了最崇高的艺术与建筑，但同时也揭示了十字与剑的结合所蕴含的毁灭力量。本课程是对基督教作为塑造西方的一部分、作为全球故事的一个章节的探索。这是一段影响我们时代的旅程。 课程大纲： 1. 欢迎来到《穿越西方基督教之旅：从受迫害的信仰到全球宗教（200 - 1650）》 2. 从迫害到帝国：探讨基督教在第二世纪与罗马帝国之间的互动及其发展的历史。 3. 奥古斯丁与北非教会：研究埃及和北非的早期基督教成长和殉道神学。 4. 修道生活：从沙漠父到凯尔特基督教：探讨修道主义的起源及其在基督教中的影响。 5. 改革者与十字军：分析基督教在中世纪早期如何应对封建世界的变迁。 6. 学习与光明：考察中世纪基督教的学术和建筑成就，以及它们如何相辅相成。 7. 三个宗教：中世纪西班牙的基督徒、犹太人和穆斯林：探索这些宗教在文化上的竞争与合作。 8. 中世纪的虔诚：调查普通基督徒在时代变迁中维护信仰的生活及其重要的宗教实践。 9. 路德的宗教改革：讨论马丁·路德及其对16世纪基督教的重大影响。 10. 片段化的改革：探寻路德后的基督教多样化及其影响力。 11. 天主教改革：分析天主教在应对宗教改革时的转变与反思。 12. 耶稣会士与传教：了解基督教如何随着世俗殖民的扩展而迈向全球化。 这个课程提供了对基督教历史的深刻洞察，适合希望了解其发展及影响的学习者。
Name:Welcome to A Journey through Western Christianity: from Persecuted Faith to Global Religion (200 - 1650)
Description:Learn what this course is about, who's teaching it, and other ways you can explore this topic. Meet and greet your peers as well!
Name:Introduction: From Persecution to Empire
Description:“From Persecution to Empire,” explores the interaction between the second-century Christian Church and the Roman Empire in which it existed. After the faith’s birth in Palestine, Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire with a rapidity that alarmed many Roman rulers. Persecution of Christians became common, and the experience of persecution shaped the Church. In 313 AD, the Roman Emperor Constantine ended persecution and Christianity transformed once more to become a pillar of Roman society.
Name:Augustine and the North African Church
Description:“Augustine and the North African Church,” studies two areas of early and vibrant Christian growth: Egypt and North Africa. These areas responded to intense Roman persecution by developing a theology of martyrdom. Indeed, both areas became bastions of early Christian theological thinking, with the North African Church producing the most important Christian theologian ever: Augustine of Hippo.
Name:Monastic Lives: Desert Fathers to Celtic Christianity
Description:“Monastic Lives: Desert Fathers to Celtic Christianity,” examines the origins of monasticism in Christianity. After the end of Roman persecution, some Christians chose to isolate themselves in the desert and deny themselves food, sleep, and material comforts. Why? And how did this movement develop into medieval monasticism? This module will explain the early roots and influence of monks and nuns in Christianity.
Name:Reformers and Crusaders
Description:“Reformers and Crusaders,” focuses on Christianity during the dawn of the medieval period. Here we ask: How did Christianity respond to the new feudal world of medieval Europe? Popes, monks, and knights became essential features of the Christian faith during this period, roughly 950 – 1350 AD.
Name:Learning and Light
Description:“Learning and Light,” examines two medieval Christian ideas that emerged at the same time and from the same impulse. The first is the scholastic educational initiative that dominated Christian theology and resulted in the founding of universities. The second is the beautiful, light-focused Gothic architectural style embodied in Europe’s great cathedrals. These two movements remain the quintessential features of medieval Christianity. Scholasticism and cathedrals emerged not only at the same time but also from the same source: a Christian conception of the unity of all things.
Name:Three Religions: Christians, Jews & Muslims in Medieval Spain
Description:“Three Religions: Christians, Jews & Muslims in Medieval Spain,” explores medieval Spain, a place in time with enormous importance for the history of Christianity. From the eighth through the fifteenth century, Spanish society included Christians, Jews, and Muslims, and Spain became the cultural capital of all three religions. Exploring medieval Spain, we will see how Christianity competed and cooperated with the non-Christian world. The central question explored in this module is: How should we remember the cultural interactions among Christians, Jews, and Muslims in medieval Spain
Name:Medieval Devotion
Description:“Medieval Devotion,” moves away from the universities and cathedrals of Europe and investigates the lives of ordinary Christians trying to maintain their spiritual lives in an era almost 1000 years ago. The Church developed and popularized many devotional practices in this era, a number of which remain a part of Christianity today. Sacraments, saints, relics, pilgrimages, and the papacy are examined in this module, as all experienced an enormous growth in importance during the medieval era. Many of these features of Christianity became controversial, with Protestant reformers of the sixteenth century rejecting some of these devotional and ecclesiological features.
Name:Luther's Reformation
Description:“Luther’s Reformation,” is the first of several modules to discuss the Reformation, and it does so by examining the life of the Reformation’s most iconic figure, Martin Luther. More than any other person, Luther was responsible for the seismic shifts in sixteenth-century Christianity that left the Western Church permanently fractured. Why did Luther launch his Reformation? What were his initial aspirations, and how did these change? Through the biography of Luther we will learn about the controversies that led to the Reformation and the early impact of this religious movement.
Name:Fragmenting Reformation
Description:“Fragmenting Reformation,” we will explore the Reformation further. After Luther set Europe ablaze, other reformers and rulers sought to impose their views onto Christianity. Soon—and as Catholics had feared—multiple forms of Protestantism emerged. Sixteenth-century Christians disagreed over what constituted proper ecclesiology, theology, and ritual practices, and soon the European religious landscape divided into different camps all insisting on different visions of Christianity. John Calvin became one of the most influential thinkers and organizers in this period, but even lesser known figures exerted enormous influence as Western Christendom experienced its most serious crisis.
Name:Catholic Reform
Description:In “Catholic Reform,” we will see how Catholicism transformed itself during the sixteenth century, an era usually characterized by the Protestant Reformation. In response to the Protestant challenge, Catholicism began to reform key aspects of its practices, yet Catholic leaders resolutely defended their theology against Luther’s and Calvin’s attacks. And Catholicism also experienced transformations that had begun long before Luther launched his reforming campaign in 1517. A debate still exists amongst historians regarding the origins of Catholicism’s sixteenth-century reforms. Were these changes purely a response to the Protestant challenge? Or did Catholicism begin its early modern reforms long before Luther was ever born. This module explores these questions, along with the vibrant Catholic culture that emerged during the era of the Reformation.
Name:Jesuits and Missions
Description:Our final module, “Jesuits and Mission,” we will see how, at the same time that Western Christianity fractured and reinvented itself due to the Reformation, the faith also followed Europe’s colonial paths and spread across the world. Catholic religious orders (including the newly founded Jesuit order) led the expansion of Christianity into non-European lands. Jesuits and other missionaries sought to inject Christianity into the societies they encountered, and to do so the Jesuits adapted to local cultural practices and added subtle features to Catholicism. For the first time, Christianity became a global religion.
This course follows the extraordinary development of Western Christianity from its early persecution under the Roman Empire in the third century to its global expansion with the Jesuits of the early modern world. We explore the dynamic and diverse character of a religion with an enormous cast characters. We will meet men and women who tell stories of faith as well as of violence, suppression, and division. Along the way, we encounter Perpetua and her martyrdom in Carthage; the struggles of Augustine the bishop in North Africa; the zeal of Celtic monks and missionaries; the viciousness of the Crusades; the visions of Brigit of Sweden; and the fracturing of Christianity by Martin Luther’s protest. We hear the voices of great theologians as well as of those branded heretics by the Church, a powerful reminder that the growth of Christianity is a story with many narratives of competing visions of reform and ideals, powerful critiques of corruption and venality, and exclusion of the vanquished. The troubled history of Christian engagement with Jews and Muslims is found in pogroms and expulsions, but also in the astonishing ways in which the culture of the West was transformed by Jewish and Islamic learning. We shall explore the stunning beauty of the Book of Kells, exquisitely prepared by monks as the Vikings terrorized the coast of England. We will experience the blue light of the windows of Chartres, and ponder the opening questions of Thomas Aquinas’ great Summa. We will read from the Gutenberg Bible of the fifteenth century, which heralded the revolution brought by the printing press. We will travel from Calvin’s Geneva to Elizabeth’s England to Trent, where a Catholic Council met to inaugurate a modern, missionary Catholic church. We will walk through the great Escorial of Philip II of Spain, hear the poetry of John of the Cross, and follow the Jesuits to Brazil and China. Christianity in the West was forged in the fires of conflict and tumult, and it brought forth both creativity and violence. It echoed with calls for God’s world to be transformed, it inspired the most sublime art and architecture, yet it also revealed the power of the union of cross and sword to destroy. The course is a journey through the formation of the West as one strand of Christianity, as one chapter in a global story. It is a journey that has shaped our world.
