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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/virology-epidemiology
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：COVID-19时代的病毒学与流行病学 课程概述：本课程探讨了病毒性传染病的科学及其社会影响。课程的开头介绍了病毒的基本知识，包括病毒的定义、结构与功能多样性，以及病毒如何利用我们身体和其他生物体进行复制。接着，我们深入了解人类的反应：我们的免疫系统如何保护我们免受病原病毒的侵害，以及我们如何通过疫苗和公共卫生措施利用科学和社会系统抵御病毒。特别关注COVID-19大流行，研究SARS-CoV-2病毒的出现、疫苗的开发以及社会和经济差异如何影响流行期间的风险。课程中，我们将听取分子生物学、流行病学、环境生物学、医学和公共卫生等领域的专家的讲解，学习科技与工程解决方案如何帮助科学家理解、追踪和建模病毒及疾病暴发。 课程大纲： 1. **什么是病毒？** - 本节由Dr. Rob DeSalle主讲，探讨病毒的定义及生命的本质。我们将学习病毒与细菌的区别、病毒的几何形状与结构多样性，以及病毒的生命周期和复制过程。此外，Dr. Koenraad Van Doorslaer将解释病毒的分类及其重要性，特别是在新冠疫情中如何识别SARS-CoV-2及其变种。 2. **病毒如何使我们生病？** - 本节将探讨病毒在宿主内的复制机制，以及三类病毒（DNA病毒、RNA病毒和逆转录病毒）的不同复制周期。Dr. Michael Tessler将介绍如何使用基因组学和生物信息学识别致病病毒，并重点分析HIV与HPV两种病毒疾病。 3. **我们如何对抗病毒？** - 我们的身体可以通过先天免疫系统和获得性免疫系统抵抗病毒感染。Dr. Tessler将阐述科学家如何识别突破人体防御的病毒，并介绍针对COVID-19开发的mRNA疫苗的临床试验。 4. **病毒如何在人群中传播？** - 本节聚焦病原体如何从非人动物传播到人类，以及COVID-19的流行原因。我们将学习疾病生态学领域的研究，以及疫情在不同环境下的传播动态。 5. **病毒传播对人群的影响及其测量方法** - 课程将探讨流行病学家如何使用模型监控疫情传播，评估控制疫情的措施，并帮助制定公共卫生政策。我们将研究不同社区如何受到疫情的不同影响以及如何解决健康不平等问题。 6. **如何管理未来的病毒爆发？** - 本节从COVID-19疫情的前线管理经验出发，回顾历来的新兴传染病。我们将探讨如何利用当前的知识来保护我们免受未来的疫情，以及怎样在地方和全球层面上做好准备。 该课程不仅提供科学知识，还强调了技术与社会系统如何共同作用以应对公共卫生危机。
Name:What is a Virus?
Description:Course author Dr. Rob DeSalle starts by posing a few seminal questions: What is a virus? Are viruses alive? What even is life? While there are no simple answers and much is still unknown, scientists have developed frameworks to understand how viruses fit into the complexity of life on Earth. In the first essay of the course, we cover virus basics: the difference between viruses and microorganisms such as bacteria; viral geometry and structural diversity; and viral life cycles and replication. Next, virologist Dr. Koenraad Van Doorslaer explains how viruses are classified and why this classification is important. When COVID-19 became a pandemic, understanding how viruses are related to one another enabled scientists to quickly identify SARS CoV-2 and its variants. This week’s video explores the connections among humans, viruses, other organisms, and the ecosystems we all inhabit.
Name:How Do Viruses Make Us Sick?
Description:The key to understanding what a virus is lies in understanding how it replicates itself within its host. Dr. DeSalle explains the three categories of viruses—DNA viruses, RNA viruses, and reverse-transcribing viruses—and their replication cycles. While they employ different strategies, they all produce mRNA, which is translated into proteins that all viruses need to function. Next, Dr. Michael Tessler explains how scientists use genomics and bioinformatics to identify viruses that become pathogenic. Finally, we take a closer look at two viral diseases: HIV and HPV. In one case (HIV), scientists have been working toward a vaccine for more than 40 years and a vaccine is beyond their grasp. In the other case (HPV), a vaccine has successfully prevented cancers for over a decade. In the first of the four-part video series about the making of a COVID-19 vaccine, we set the stage by asking: How do you prepare for a pandemic of a virus that doesn’t yet exist?
Name:How Do We Fight Viruses?
Description:As we have learned, viruses that cause disease are formidable foes, but our bodies have ways of fighting back. We have an innate immune system that works to stop all invading microbes, and an adaptive immune system that learns how to fight particular ones. We explain some of the mechanisms of this very complex system and the medicines that we use to aid our natural defenses. Dr. Tessler breaks down the different methods that scientists use to identify viruses that have broken through our defenses and made us sick. In the week’s final essay, we meet Dr. Julie Ledgerwood, who oversaw the clinical trials that led to a revolutionary mRNA vaccine for COVID-19. Two videos cover vaccines: how they work and how they were developed and tested.
Name:How Do Viruses Spread Through Populations?
Description:While diseases have shaped the course of humanity for millennia, we are witnessing the emergence of novel pathogens and pandemics at an unprecedented rate. COVID-19 is at least the seventh pandemic to affect humans in the past century. Why is this? How do pathogens that start off in nonhuman animal species spread to humans? This week we are introduced to Dr. Pallavi Kache and Dr. Neil Vora and the field of disease ecology, which seeks to understand the interactions between pathogens and their hosts in the context of their evolution and environment. They explain how pathogens emerge from nonhuman hosts into human populations and how our increasingly urban environments affect the spread of disease. Then, Dr. Jeffrey Shaman explains how, once a pathogen has infected humans, it then spreads from human to human, and how we measure the dynamics of disease spread. A series of videos explores pandemics from history to the present, and we discuss how we know that the COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective.
Name:What Is the Impact of Viral Spread on Populations and How Do We Know?
Description:Computer modeling has been an important tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. DeSalle explains the process by which epidemiologists use models to monitor the spread of the pandemic, to evaluate efforts to control it, and to guide policymakers as they make decisions about measures like vaccination, closing schools, and allocating healthcare resources. In this week’s case study of Dr. Jude Kong, we learn how modeling helped one community make informed decisions about public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic and saved lives. Finally, we look at how diseases and pandemics affect different communities differently, and how public health experts are working to address health inequities. In the final part of the video series about the making of a COVID-19 vaccine, we ask how we can use our new knowledge about mRNA technology and health inequities to ensure better outcomes for the future.
Name:How Do We Manage Future Viral Outbreaks?
Description:We start this week by zooming in on New York City, which was one of the epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. Officials at the New York City Department of Heath describe what it was like to manage the pandemic on the ground and explain lessons they learned. Then we zoom out to look at the past, present, and future of emerging infectious diseases. Humans have lived with infectious diseases for millenia, but why are there an increasing number of spillover events, in which viruses jump from nonhuman animals to us? What do we know now that could protect us from future outbreaks? In the final essay of the course, Dr. DeSalle answers the question: How can we prepare for future pandemics locally and as a global community, through testing, vaccines, surveillance, and treatment?
This course covers the science and social impacts of viral infectious diseases. We will begin by covering the basics: what a virus is, the structural and functional diversity of viruses, and how viruses use our bodies and the bodies of other organisms to replicate. Then we will dive into the human response: how our immune systems work to protect us from pathogenic viruses and how we use science and social systems to fend off viruses through vaccines and public health measures. We will look closely at the COVID-19 pandemic, examining the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the development of the vaccines, and how social and economic disparities influenced risk during the pandemic. Throughout the course, we will hear from experts in the fields of molecular biology, epidemiology, environmental biology, medicine, and public health to learn how technology and engineering solutions are helping scientists understand, track, and model viruses and disease outbreaks.
