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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/the-talmud
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课程名称：塔木德：方法论导论 课程概述：塔木德是世界上最丰富、最复杂的文学作品之一，自1500年前创作以来，不仅引发了宗教崇敬，还激发了重要的智力参与。在本课程中，学习者将介绍这一文本的独特特征以及研究它所面临的挑战，同时学习塔木德的一章。学生将在课程中发展对塔木德运作方式的欣赏，并理解其为何继续激发宗教和智力的奉献。他们将被挑战使用批判性阅读技能，分析法律和历史概念。 课程大纲： 第1部分：介绍塔木德 描述：塔木德是犹太文学的经典作品，汇集了公元一世纪至八世纪间拉比的思想和论证。本模块解释了塔木德的编纂基础、其重要性及当前的访问方式。 第2部分：从圣经到拉比的虚假证言 描述：塔木德在很大程度上依赖于其经典前身——希伯来圣经的权威和内容。本模块追溯了《申命记》中虚假证言的处理，直至第二圣殿时期的伪经《苏珊娜》和早期的拉比法律法典《米示拿》。 第3部分：圣经与拉比逻辑的阅读 描述：解读是拉比文学和塔木德的重要组成部分。本模块介绍希伯来圣经拉比解读的具体特征，包括其假设和阅读工具。 第4部分：编辑与文本见证 描述：文本批评是一种通过研究文本的组成历史来解释意义的阅读方式。本模块将展示塔木德段落的构建方式，以及学者如何揭示文本的原始含义。 第5部分：作为读者和作者的斯坦 描述：不同世纪的拉比文学的历史范围使我们注意到不同拉比对圣经和法律的思考方式的变化。本模块将展示后来拉比对法律的更抽象思考方式，同时对圣经的阅读更具限制性。 第6部分：塔塞塔、坦奈米德拉什与巴勒斯坦塔木德 描述：拉比文学包括三种体裁的多部作品——米示拿、米德拉什和塔木德。本模块介绍这些不同体裁，同时对涉及虚假证言的相关文本进行比较分析。 第7部分：叙事与历史 描述：塔木德包含许多故事，讲述了拉比时期的历史人物。本模块将展示阅读这些作为历史的故事的困难，并展示文学工具在阅读这些材料中的应用。 第8部分：结论 描述：尽管我们研究的一些材料令人不安，但我们需要记住，许多内容是拉比理想化或幻想的结果。本模块讨论了拉比权力的幻想和塔木德在后塔木德时代重要性的现实。
Part: 1
Title:Introducing the Talmud
Description:The Talmud is a canonical work of Jewish literature that collects the ideas and arguments of rabbis who lived between the first and eighth centuries CE. This module explains the basics of how the Talmud was composed, why the Talmud matters and how it is accessed today.
Part: 2
Title:False Testimony From Bible to Rabbis
Description:The Talmud relies heavily on the authority and substance of its canonical predecessor, the Hebrew Bible. This module charts a trajectory from the biblical origins of the treatment of false testimony in Deuteronomy through its treatment within the second temple apocryphal book Susannah and the early Rabbinic law code, the Mishnah.
Part: 3
Title:Reading the Bible & Rabbinic Logic
Description:Interpretation is a major component of Rabbinic literature and the Talmud. This module introduces the specific features of Rabbinic interpretation of the Hebrew Bible—its assumptions and its reading tools.
Part: 4
Title:Redaction & Textual Witnesses
Description:Textual Criticism is a form of reading that looks to explain the meaning of a text by figuring out aspects of its composition history. This module will show how Talmudic passages are typically constructed and what scholars can do to figure out the original meaning of a text.
Part: 5
Title:The Stam as Reader and Writer
Description:The historical range of the different centuries of rabbinic literature makes it possible to take note of changes in the ways the different rabbis thought about the Bible and law. This module will demonstrate how later rabbis have a more abstract way of thinking about law while simultaneously having a more restrictive way of reading the Bible.
Part: 6
Title:Tosefta, Tannaitic Midrash and Palestinian Talmud
Description:Rabbinic literature consists of multiple works in three genres—Midrash, Mishnah and Talmud. This module introduces each of these different genres with a comparative analysis of texts related to false testimony in works of each type.
Part: 7
Title:Narrative and History
Description:The Talmud contains many stories that feature historical figures from the rabbinic period. In this module we will demonstrate the difficulty of reading these stories as history and model the use of literary tools for reading such materials.
Part: 8
Title:Conclusion
Description:While some of the material we have studied is unsettling, we need to bear in mind that much of it is rabbinic idealization or fantasy. This module goes through both the fantasy of rabbinic power and the realities of the importance of the Talmud in the post-Talmudic age.
The Talmud is one of the richest and most complicated works of literature the world has ever known. Since being composed around 1500 years ago it has inspired not only religious reverence but significant intellectual engagement. In this course learners will be introduced to the unique characteristics of this text and the challenges that inhere in studying it while studying a chapter of the Talmud. Students of the course can expect to develop an appreciation for how the Talmud works and why it continues to inspire religious and intellectual devotion. They will be challenged to employ critical reading skills and to analyze legal and historical concepts.
