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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/the-arctic-as-a-system
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：阿尔德作为一个系统 课程概述：本课程旨在让学员对阿尔德这一地理区域及其居民有一个初步了解，并探索阿尔德的定居与探索的悠久历史。课程内容还包括阿尔德环境的关键特征，如气候和天气、海洋、海冰、陆地及格林兰冰盖，以及一些正在观察到的快速变化。 学习目标： - 理解阿尔德的悠久历史及其居民的生活。 - 识别并记忆阿尔德的物理地理特征，包括主要的阿尔德海洋和陆地特征。 - 描述阿尔德的气候和环境的关键元素，包括海冰覆盖、温度、降水、雪盖、陆地冰、永久冻土和植被等，探讨这些特征的形成过程及其变化。 课程大纲： 第1部分：阿尔德导论 描述：本模块提供了阿尔德的基本介绍，首先描述了阿尔德作为一个地理区域，随后概述了正在该区域发生的一些显著变化。历史提供了背景，我们将探索对阿尔德知识的构建历程，从早期探索和事件开始，然后经过冷战并延续到现在。 第2部分：阿尔德气候基础 描述：为了理解阿尔德系统及其变化，我们需要熟悉该区域的一些基础气候驱动因素和特征，从太阳能、极夜和午夜太阳开始，随后关注温度、降水和云量的空间分布模式。 第3部分：阿尔德海洋 描述：阿尔德地区是一个被陆地环绕的海洋，为了理解阿尔德，我们需要了解阿尔德海洋。首先讨论阿尔德海洋的基础知识，包括其浅架海和深盆地，然后讨论海洋的浮动冰盖。我们将了解到，冰盖随着季节的变化而增长和缩小，并在几乎持续的运动中形成海冰脊和铅。 第4部分：阿尔德陆地 描述：在本模块中，我们将了解到阿尔德陆地的多样性。首先探索格林兰冰盖，接着关注苔原、北方针叶林以及通常难以定义的阿尔德树线。我们将了解到许多大型河流流入阿尔德海洋，对海洋产生显著影响。最后，我们将探索永久冻土，这是大多数阿尔德陆地下的永久冻结土壤。 第5部分：阿尔德大气 描述：在本模块中，我们将学习阿尔德的天气，包括暴风雪和白茫茫天气。我们还将了解到，阿尔德作为一个“热汇”，在塑造北半球整体天气模式方面发挥了关键作用。随后将探讨遥相关的概念，即在分隔较远位置之间的天气状况的联系。最后，简要回顾阿尔德的能量预算。
Part: 1
Title:Introduction to the Arctic
Description:This module provides a basic introduction to the Arctic. It starts with a description of the Arctic as a geographical region, followed by an overview of some of the pronounced changes unfolding in the region. History provides context. As such, we then explore how our knowledge of the Arctic has been built, starting with early explorations and events and then moving through the Cold War and into the present.
Part: 2
Title:Arctic Climate Basics
Description:To understand the Arctic system and the changes taking place, we need to become familiar with some of the basic climate drivers and features of the region, starting with solar energy, polar night and the midnight sun. Attention then turns to spatial patterns of temperature, precipitation and cloudiness.
Part: 3
Title:The Arctic Ocean
Description:The Arctic region is an ocean surrounded by land, and to understand the Arctic, we need to understand the Arctic Ocean. We start with discussing Arctic Ocean basics - its shallow shelf sea and deep basins, and then move on to discuss the ocean's floating ice cover. As we will learn, the ice cover grows and shrinks with the seasons and is in near constant motion, squeezing together to form sea ice ridges and keels and pulling apart to form leads.
Part: 4
Title:The Arctic Lands
Description:As we will learn in this module, the Arctic lands are highly varied. we'll first explore the Greenland Ice sheet. Attention then turns to tundra, boreal forest and the typically ill-defined Arctic treeline. We will learn that a number of very large rivers drain into the Arctic Ocean, having prominent influences on the ocean. Finally, we'll explore permafrost, the perennially frozen ground that underlies most of the Arctic lands.
Part: 5
Title:The Arctic Atmosphere
Description:In this module we'll learn all about Arctic weather, including storms and whiteouts. We will also learn that the Arctic, as a "heat sink" plays a key role in shaping weather patterns for the northern hemisphere as a whole. We'll then explore the concept of teleconnections - links between weather conditions between widely separated locations. Finally, we'll briefly review the Arctic's energy budget.
In this course you will first learn about the Arctic as a geographic region, the peoples the Arctic, and the long history of Arctic settlement and exploration. Attention then turns to key features of the Arctic environment – its climate and weather, features of the ocean, sea ice, lands and the Greenland Ice Sheet, and some of the rapid changes being observed. Learning Objectives: Appreciate the long history of the Arctic and its peoples. Recognize and recall the physical geography of the Arctic, including major features of the Arctic Ocean and Arctic lands. Describe the key climate and environmental elements of the Arctic, including its sea ice cover, patterns of temperature, precipitation, snow cover, land ice, permafrost and vegetation, the physical processes giving rise to these features, and how they are changing.
