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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/symmetry2021
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课程名称：美、形与功能：对称性探究 概述：对称性无处不在。在宇宙的宏观格局中，它是宇宙运作的蓝图。我们在自然、艺术、建筑、科学和工程中都会看到对称性。本课程探讨了常见物体中对称的美、形式和功能，随后进一步研究拼贴和镶嵌，并将这些概念扩展到晶体的原子结构。为了深化这些理念，您将进行实地练习，并接触到从事对称性研究的专家，包括植物学家、艺术家、地理学家、历史学家、科学家和工程师，他们将分享对对称性“魔力”的个人见解以及其对各自学科的影响。 课程大纲： 第一部分：对称概念 I 描述：这些讲座将刷新您对常见物体对称性的直观认识，并介绍点对称的数学和符号描述。 第二部分：对称概念 II 描述：一些最美丽的对称性例子出现在花卉中。这些讲座以花卉为例，简洁地描述了镜面线和旋转点的存在。 第三部分：对称概念 III 描述：通过考察建筑中的镶嵌，对平面对称的关键概念进行说明。同时介绍不对称单元的重要概念。讨论手性及其对药物设计和效能的影响，展示了对称性的实际重要性。 第四部分：对称概念 IV 描述：介绍点对称的正式数学命名法，包括对称连接物体之间的关系。 第五部分：平面及空间对称 I 描述：通过埃舍尔的艺术插图，讲解描述二维对称操作的平面群。讨论捕捉所有镶嵌排列的二维布拉维晶格，以及“原始”与“中心”单元格之间的差异。 第六部分：平面及空间对称 II 描述：正式介绍17个平面群，并解释它们在国际晶体学表中的表示。通过掌握平面群图表和图形，所有常见的镶嵌都可以分解为其对称组成部分。 第七部分：平面及空间对称 III 描述：这些讲座考察对称性在伊斯兰建筑和历史中的作用，涉及规则和不规则网络。通过五个柏拉图立体，逐步过渡到三维或空间对称。二维对称操作（旋转、反射、滑动）扩展到三维对称中的螺旋轴和轴向滑动。 第八部分：平面及空间对称 IV 描述：三维布拉维晶格是描述许多晶体材料中原子关系的基础。解释空间对称如何确定原子位置以及晶体的化学组成。
Part: 1
Title:Concepts in Symmetry I
Description:These lectures will refresh your intuitive appreciation of symmetry in common objects and introduce the mathematical and symbolic descriptors of point symmetry.
Part: 2
Title:Concepts in Symmetry II
Description:Some of the most beautiful examples of symmetry appear in flowers. These lectures use flowers as exemplars of the application of point symmetry to concisely describe the presence of mirror lines and rotation points.
Part: 3
Title:Concepts in Symmetry III
Description:The key concepts in plane symmetry are illustrated by examining tessellations in architecture. The important concept of the asymmetric unit is also introduced. The practical importance of symmetry is illustrated through a discussion of chirality and its impact on drug design and efficacy.
Part: 4
Title:Concepts in Symmetry IV
Description:The formal mathematical nomenclature of point symmetry is introduced, including the relationship between symmetrically linked objects.
Part: 5
Title:Plane and Space Symmetry I
Description:Plane Groups that describe symmetry operations in 2 dimensions are illustrated using the art of Escher. The 2D Bravais Lattices that capture all tiling permutations are covered together with the difference between ‘primitive’ and ‘centred’ unit cells.
Part: 6
Title:Plane and Space Symmetry II
Description:The 17 Plane Groups are formally introduced and their representation in the International Tables of Crystallography explained. By mastering the plane group diagrams and figures, all common tessellations can be deconstructed into their symmetric components.
Part: 7
Title:Plane and Space Symmetry III
Description:These lectures examine the role of symmetry in Islamic architecture and history in the context of regular and irregular networks. The transition to 3D or Space Symmetry is via the five Platonic Solids. The 2D symmetry operators (rotation, reflection, glide) are expanded to include screw axes and axial glide in 3D symmetry.
Part: 8
Title:Plane and Space Symmetry IV
Description:The 3D Bravais Lattices are the basis for describing the atomic relationships found in many crystalline materials. The way in which Space Symmetry determines not only the atomic locations but also the chemical composition of crystals is explained.
Symmetry is everywhere. In the grand scheme of things it is the blueprint by which the universe operates. We see symmetry in nature, art, architecture, science and engineering. This course explores the Beauty, Form and Function of Symmetry in common objects, then progresses to investigate tiling and tessellation, with the extension of these concepts to the atomic structure of crystals. To amplify these ideas, you will undertake field-exercises and be introduced to specialists – botanists, artists, geomancers, historians, scientists and engineers - that work with symmetry, and who will provide their personal insights into its ‘magic’ and impact on their disciplines.
